作者： admin

　　The problem of credit card theft is becoming more and more common in China, and it has a long history abroad. What is the development trend of foreign credit card theft cases? What are the advanced experiences of foreign cardholders, banks and regulations in dealing with stolen brushes? In the last issue of the "Focus on Credit Card Stealing" series, we invited our reporters in Britain, the United States and Germany to take us to find out by combining interviews with our own experiences.

　　Britain:

　　Develop biotechnology

　　Identify consumer behavior

　　Lucy Nagling, press officer of the UK Anti-Financial Fraud Action Group, told reporters that financial fraud in the UK in 2015 caused a total loss of 755 million pounds, an increase of 26% over the previous year. Among them, the financial loss caused by stolen debit cards and credit cards or information leakage was 567 million pounds, an increase of 18% over the previous year. Nagling said that these increasing data show that Britain is facing severe pressure to crack down on financial fraud. In particular, the increasingly complex network attacks, Trojan horse implantation, data theft and other behaviors make financial fraud more difficult to prevent and combat.

　　According to the survey of the UK Anti-Financial Fraud Action Group, in 2015, there were mainly the following types of financial fraud in the UK. The first is to pretend to be a bank, a police officer, or a government public department, make a phone call or send a text message or email, and get the user’s bank card or credit card information. Its excuses usually include paying an emergency expenditure, refunding a certain fee, and upgrading an account. Different from the domestic bank card "password verification can be set for online or offline consumption", credit cards in the UK are generally used for direct credit card consumption or signature consumption. If you use a credit card or debit card through the Internet or telephone, there is still no password setting. Generally, you only need to provide the card number and the 3-digit number printed on the back of the card. Therefore, if the personal card number and the three digits on the back are leaked, it will be easily stolen by others.

　　When the reporter first came to Britain, he was repeatedly reminded by his friends that he must not easily tell others the bank card number and the three digits on the back. On weekdays, reporters also received many calls for payment, some from formal large enterprises, such as power companies; Others can’t confirm the authenticity of their identity. In this case, it is safer to refuse to pay by phone and log in to the official website to pay.

　　The second common type of fraud is stealing and copying bank card information. The timing of the attack is often when the cardholder operates at an ATM or POS machine, or swipes the card to shop.

　　The third common type of fraud is the increasing network attacks and thefts, which are often committed through links with Trojans and fake websites.

　　In the face of endless financial fraud tricks, British banks and relevant regulatory authorities are committed to studying and adopting newer and better preventive measures. According to reports, the security system adopted by the Bank of England in 2015 prevented about 70% of fraud. Some of these measures include: developing new security tools, especially biometrics, consumer behavior identification technology, etc. If the recent trading behavior of an account is quite different from usual, it will contact the customer in time for confirmation; Strengthen cooperation with government departments, financial regulatory agencies and other relevant units to jointly crack down on financial fraud and ensure timely communication of information and data; Use various methods to remind users to pay attention to cultivating account security awareness and prevent financial fraud.

　　Tony Black, senior investigator of the Credit Card Crime Investigation Team of the UK Anti-Financial Fraud Action Group, called on: "It is very important for users to remain vigilant. If you receive a phone call, text message or email asking for your personal information, please don’t reply easily. You must ensure that the other party is trustworthy, for example, you can verify it through the authorities. Otherwise, it is best to ignore it. "

　　In addition, the official websites of major banks in the UK have information to remind cardholders to use bank cards and credit cards safely, including: personal information related to accounts should not be disclosed to anyone; Be sure to pay attention to whether the website is safe when shopping online; Check the bank statement regularly, be aware of your own consumption, and notify the bank in time if you find any suspicious signs; Receipts, bills and invoices after swiping the card at ordinary times should be properly kept.

　　At present, all major banks in the UK have opened 24-hour customer service telephones. After discovering that the credit card has been stolen, as long as you call the bank, the account will be closed and the staff will check it and send a new card.

　　United States:

　　Spot check customer identity

　　Stealing brushes costs a lot.

　　Major banks in the United States have different preventive measures to prevent credit cards from being stolen in large quantities and continuously. Take the Bank of America credit card used by the reporter as an example. If the banking system detects abnormal consumption of the credit card, it will send a short message and temporarily freeze the credit card. Every time a reporter goes on a business trip in a foreign country and spends twice with a credit card, it will be temporarily frozen. The bank sends the latest consumption record through SMS, and the bank will lift the freeze after the cardholder confirms it.

　　There are also strict regulations on the use of credit cards in the United States, and it is not allowed to use other people’s credit cards to spend money, even for a family. Merchants will check the identity documents of consumers from time to time, and once they find that the identity of the cardholder is inconsistent with that shown on the credit card, they will refuse to accept the card.

　　If the cardholder reports the stolen credit card to the bank, the bank will freeze the card in time and send a new card to the cardholder, and the cardholder does not have to bear the loss. At the same time, the bank will ask the cardholder to call the police and find out the truth by checking the signature. Most banks buy credit card insurance, and the compensation for cardholders is ultimately borne by the insurance company, so there is no reason for banks not to protect the rights and interests of cardholders.

　　If the cardholder has any objection to the consumption, calls the bank and the bank trusts the customer, then the disputed amount will be returned to the cardholder first, and then communicated with the merchant. Of course, if it is finally determined that it is the fault of the cardholder, the cardholder will have to pay the full amount of consumption and even pay interest.

　　In the United States, stealing other people’s credit cards is a serious crime, and the punishment measures stipulated by each state are different, but they are generally more severe. In Virginia, where the reporter is located, the law stipulates that stealing someone else’s credit card can be fined up to $10,000 and imprisoned for 20 years. In the face of severe punishment measures, the cost of stealing other people’s credit cards is very high, and most people dare not easily break the law.

　　If the cardholder conceals his own consumption and maliciously deceives the bank, the cardholder will not only compensate and bear legal responsibility, but also record his behavior in the credit system. Once you have a bad credit record, all aspects such as applying for a credit card and buying insurance will be affected, which can be said to be difficult.

　　Germany:

　　The insurance mechanism is sound

　　Someone pays for the loss.

　　German credit cards have always adhered to the principle of "convenience for cardholders". Except for a small number of bus ticketing machines, you need to enter the PIN code, and most of the counter consumption can be done by signing. In some parking lot payment machines, the card is directly deducted without any verification after being inserted.

　　Although the use of credit cards in Germany does not require a password, and cashiers rarely check their signatures carefully, thieves are not "cold" about it. There are many cases where the wallet is stolen and the cash is lost, but the credit card is intact. The reporter has experienced it personally. German police once explained to reporters that no matter whether they are operating in machines or shopping malls, most of them are equipped with cameras nearby, which will definitely leave traces of the time and place of consumption, so thieves will not "take this big risk".

　　High convenience is always accompanied by high risks. Although thieves dare not steal credit cards in public places, cyber hackers can hide behind the screen and commit crimes. Since most credit cards in Germany don’t popularize SMS consumption reminder service, theoretically, as long as you know the cardholder’s name, card number, 3-digit security code on the back of the card and the expiration date, you can make any consumption online. This is not difficult for network hackers.

　　During the one and a half years in Germany, the reporter was forced to change three credit cards because of this kind of network theft. In the worst case, thousands of euros were stolen, and a large amount of money was spent in Shanghai, Dubai, Paris and other places within one day. Finally, the reporter learned that the card was stolen because the bank became suspicious and stopped the card and informed the reporter.

　　However, cardholders who have been stolen should not be too flustered. When the cardholder contacts the customer service of the credit card or goes directly to the bank counter to complain, the bank will ask the cardholder to explain the actual use of the credit card in person or in writing, and sometimes make a preliminary verification. After it is confirmed that the hacker forged the consumption record, the bank will ask the cardholder to fill in the compensation complaint form and send it back to the complaint acceptance center, which can generally eliminate the stolen payment on the next settlement date. As far as the reporter’s experience is concerned, it generally takes no more than three weeks from the bank accepting the complaint to eliminating the stolen debts, and there will be no stalemate or dispute between the bank and the cardholder. As long as it can be proved that the stolen brush is not caused by personal negligence such as losing the card, the cardholder will appeal successfully.

　　The reason why cardholders and banks can be so calm is related to the perfect credit card insurance mechanism. According to the staff of the German Savings Bank, banks will make huge investments in credit card insurance every year. With "all risks", the bank can claim compensation from the insurance company, that is, the stolen money will eventually be paid by the insurance company. The insurance company will further let its investigation team investigate and contact the police. In addition, Germany has a "lawyer’s insurance" that can pay the lawyer’s fees for prosecution and police investigation. The monthly cost is about tens of euros, and most people will buy it. Cardholders will generally cooperate with banks, report to the police and go through legal procedures to bring the real murderer to justice.

　　Despite this, the German police told reporters that most of the hackers are international criminals who operate remotely across borders and are often difficult to track down. This may be one reason why most Germans don’t like credit cards. (People’s Daily reporter in Britain Li Yingqi People’s Daily reporter in the United States Zhang Penghui People’s Daily reporter in Germany Feng Xuejun)

Editor’s note: This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account’s "New Consumer Daily" (Daily”(ID:NewConsumerDaily), and is written by Sober Zhang, published by 36Kr with authorization.

The winter solstice has passed, and the temperature in China is decreasing day by day, but one area is heating up: the hot drink market, especially the "self-heated drink".

From coffee and milk to milk tea and red wine, all kinds of drinks can be self-heated. What is the current performance of "self-heated drinks" in this winter limit? Who will buy "self-heating drinks"?

First of all, since the winter of 2020, the new consumer Daily has observed that three different brands have successively launched three different categories of self-heating drinks, covering milk, coffee and red wine.

At the end of November, Nongfu Spring’s charcoal coffee launched a self-heating set, which was equipped with a self-heating cup+self-heating bag set.

The self-heating principle of this self-heating coffee is similar to that of the self-heating chafing dish. The user will put the self-heating bag into the self-heating cup, inject a certain amount of water, then put in the drink, cover the cup and wait for 6-8 minutes to complete the "self-heating" process.

On December 7th, Jin Dian, a high-end dairy product, announced that it would launch a self-heating milk gift box.

It is understood that the self-heating mode of this product is "wireless hot charging" mode, which can heat the milk at 55 degrees Celsius in 15 minutes and keep the constant temperature for 3 hours. However, as of press time, this product has not been sold in its official flagship store.

At the beginning of the month, the founder of the wine brand Zui Goose Niang wrote in his official Weibo that Zui Goose Niang launched the "first self-heating jar of red wine in the universe". Just press the bottom button and shake the bottle immediately, and you can get a cup of hot red wine with appropriate temperature.

In addition to some new self-heating drinks in the winter of 2020, in 2019, there was such a little-known self-heating milk tea on the market: antler tip.

It is reported that the heating method of this self-heating milk tea is still using self-heating bag heating, which will provide consumers with "self-heating" necessities such as self-heating bag+purified water+tea powder bag+straw.

Compared with the self-heating drinks that have been born in the past month, "self-heating" is not a new word, but when most of us mention the word "self-heating", they are often followed by food such as "hot pot" and "covered rice".

Looking back at 2020, which is coming to an end, "self-heating" has also led the trend of the food market.

The outbreak of the epidemic at the beginning of the year made self-heating hot pot, self-heating rice and other self-heating foods popular in every household. This is a joy beyond the "epidemic" of the self-heating market. After the heat, it also attracted capital injection: in May 2020 alone, cannibals and Mo Xiaoxian, two food brands with self-heating hot pot as their main products, completed tens of millions of A rounds of financing, and Zigui Pot completed more than 100 million yuan of B rounds of financing in May.

Although compared with the heated self-heating food market, drinks are lacking in the self-heating market, to some extent, self-heating drinks are located between the self-heating market and the ready-to-drink hot drink market.

However, after the appearance and fierceness of self-heating food made consumers more familiar with the concept of "self-heating", "self-heating beverage" met the booming hot beverage market in China.

According to public information, the scale of hot drinks market in China has exceeded 100 billion yuan, covering soybean milk, fruit juice, original tea beverage, milk tea, coffee, almond dew, walnut dew and so on. At the same time, the 2018 consumer beverage temperature preference index shows that 54.7% of consumers will choose hot drinks as drinks in winter.

Although for most beverages, the cold winter is often the off-season, consumers, especially those in China, obviously have a demand for hot drinks, and brands have also realized this and started to meet the needs of consumers.

According to the observation of the new consumption Daily, both the cutting-edge beverage brands and the traditional beverage companies have made different layouts for the (ready-to-drink) hot beverage market:

Yuanqi Senli introduced a new product of Yuanqi forest milk tea mini, and the package was thickened and reinforced with multiple ribs, which greatly improved the heat resistance and stability of the bottle and could meet the needs of beverage heating.

Since October 2020, Coca-Cola Company has successively introduced a variety of hot drinks in winter, including Coca-Cola Ginger+,COSTA Cafe Family English black tea latte milk tea drink, Minute Maid cinnamon warm pear fruit drink, etc.

Suntory Beverage also launched an upgraded series of warm drinks in winter, including sweet-scented osmanthus-flavored Liqu milk tea, honey-scented fruit tea, classic sugar-free oolong tea, Liqu latte and other products.

It can be seen that although the beverage market has entered the stage of fierce competition, there is still a broad market for ready-to-drink hot drinks.

After all, in the current development of ready-to-drink hot drinks, no single product or brand has ever become bigger and stronger, and it can successfully seize the big cake under the appearance of the so-called "off-season of winter drinks". As long as the demand has not been met, there will be unlimited market potential. Coca-Cola, Nongfu Spring and Yuanqi Forest all have insight into this. As far as the current development is concerned, the market of "self-heated drinks" can be said to be "blank".

After talking about the market, let’s look at the audience. To some extent, the "high-order demand" of consumers also gives the space for the emergence and development of self-heating drinks.

First of all, as the beverage temperature preference index shows, consumers in China always prefer warm or normal temperature foods and beverages, because they are considered to be less irritating to the digestive system and beneficial to health.

Secondly, self-heating drinks allow consumers to achieve "hot drink freedom" to some extent.

In particular, compared with the traditional method, you need to find water by yourself and brew it by yourself before you can get the fragrant, delicious and isokinetic products of hot drinks.

When you walk on the street where you can’t find a convenience store, take out a cup of self-heating milk from your bag; Or in the early hours of overtime, take out a cup of self-heating coffee. To a certain extent, this has expanded and provided consumers with more convenient hot drink usage scenarios.

Now, let’s briefly understand the "long" and "simple" history of self-heating drinks.

The reason why it is "long" is that self-heating drinks have actually appeared in the market for nearly 20 years. In 2001, the old coffee giant Nestle developed a "self-heating" coffee drink called "Nescafe Hot When You Want".

The principle is that water and quicklime are placed in the interlayer of the tank respectively, and heat is generated through chemical reaction. After pressing the button at the bottom, consumers can drink 60-degree hot coffee within three minutes.

However, after the market test, the heat of this self-heating tank will not meet the demand in cold weather; Moreover, the equipment occupies a large container, with only 7 ounces of coffee in an 11-ounce container, which makes consumers disappointed.

In the end, just one year later, Nestle gave up this product.

With the rapid development of the "self-heating" market in recent years, more and more beverage companies have begun to explore new directions of self-heating drinks, and more and more self-heating black technologies have begun to appear in the beverage market.

For example, in 2017, HeatGenie, a developer of self-heating technology, developed a self-heating canned beverage. Its self-heating equipment used aluminum and silicon dioxide with safer and more efficient heat energy as reaction heat sources, and the heating materials of the new self-heating technology only accounted for one tenth of the bottles and cans.

In 2018, the company received $6 million in financing. In 2019, it was renamed as HeatGen, which upgraded its new appearance and heating method. It can start heating by upgrading from the previous rotating bottle cap to the rotating bottom cover. When the temperature is suitable, it can stop heating by pulling the can ring.

Pull the timeline back to the present, 20 years later, when the technical problem of self-heating drinks is no longer a problem, what about their market performance?

The self-heating red wine of Drunken Goose Niang was sold in limited quantities. Although it attracted attention when it was launched, a month later, this convenient self-heating red wine did not cause a "sensation" in the market.

Nongfu Spring’s self-heating coffee and self-heating cup have been partially praised, but it is inevitable that some consumers will leave a message saying: "The taste of coffee after heating is average, and the acidity and bitterness are relatively dull. The self-heating cup is too simple. " And "not bad, how to say, more heating, less a bottle. "Equal evaluation;

As for Jin Dian, the milk gift box with black technologies such as intelligent identification and unlimited hot charging was promoted on December 7th, but before the press release, this Versailles milk has not been officially sold.

Finally, the self-heating milk tea that appeared in 2019, now open Taobao to search for "self-heating milk tea", can not be said to have disappeared, but obviously there is no sense of existence in the market, in fact, the reasons can be traced.

The laudatory name is "self-heating milk tea", but to some extent, it is still old wine in new bottles. After all, when you want to drink a cup of hot milk tea, you need to finish it: take out the milk tea, open the package, tear open the self-heating bag and the bagged water, and then finish the brewing. The above series of operations are obviously too complicated, and it can’t even be called that milk tea is "self-heating". It is better to brew a cup of fragrance to save time and effort.

This is why the history of "self-heating drinks" is "simple": Nestle self-heating coffee, which was scrawled in 2001, or antler tip self-heating milk tea, which was "tepid" two years ago, and milk, red wine and other products with mediocre market performance now.

Although instant hot drinks are a new trend, the function of "self-heating" has not aroused much splash in the market.

"If the whole world uses the same old method to create wealth, it will not create wealth, but a disaster." In "From 0 to 1", PayPal founder peter teale said.

Undeniably, the innovation and appearance of self-heating drinks have met the needs of some segmented consumers, expanded the scene of ready-to-drink hot drinks to some extent, and filled the gap in the market of self-heating drinks.

However, judging from the performance of self-heating drinks in the past 20 years, it is not difficult to understand why such a product that meets the segmentation field has not become an "explosive product" in the end: self-heating drinks can only meet the needs of a limited group of people within a limited time and in a limited way.

At the same time, even simple ready-to-drink hot drinks require sufficient investment in materials, channels and configurations, not to mention "self-heated drinks" that require a higher technical threshold.

It is precisely because of this "limitation" and "high threshold" that for many big brands, self-heating drinks may be just a way for them to try to be closer to consumers and use the gimmick of "self-heating" to market and increase market volume. But after all, it is: it is tasteless to eat, and it is not a pity to abandon it.

For some young brands, self-heating drinks can’t be their main source of revenue, and the hunger marketing method of "limited sale" may be the best choice.

"The demand for hot drinks is mainly concentrated in winter and spring. According to different geographical locations, there are regional differences in the peak sales. The peak sales of hot drinks in the north can last for about 6 months, and the area south of the Yangtze River is basically about 3 months. Whether it is for the offline warm cabinet layout, channel implementation, or the product itself, (hot drinks) put forward higher requirements for us. " This is the Coca-Cola Company’s consideration for the layout of "hot drinks".

If the warm drink in winter is widely expected and the warm drink market still has certain potential, then after the uproar, the drink that can realize "self-heating" is only a false proposition.

Yangcheng Evening News Reporter Liu Xinyu and Xue Renzheng reported that May 11th is the World Obesity Prevention Day. The "meal replacement diet" is particularly popular in spring and summer every year. According to the data of "Shop Monster", the daily sales volume of meal replacement products can even reach 100,000+,and the unit price ranges from 28-140 yuan. Many netizens who tried to lose weight with meal replacement products said that they didn’t lose weight after eating many meal replacement products and spent a lot of money. The reporter interviewed Deng Yuhong, director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and obtained the "meal replacement" data of 145 obese people to see the real effectiveness of meal replacement to lose weight.

　　Data:

　　Meal replacement is really effective in losing weight.

　　Deng Yuhong introduced that in hospital clinical practice, meal replacement (mainly in meal replacement powder) is indeed an auxiliary means to lose weight.

　　This assistive device was also completely recorded by her team and published in the journal of General Medicine of China. The team took 145 patients (36 males and 109 females) who came to the hospital from June 2015 to January 2017 as the research object, with an average age of (34.2 10.9) years and a body weight of (81.09±15.84)kg. 28.0kg/m2）。

　　The whole weight-loss experiment lasted for six months, and the purpose was to study the weight-loss effect of the diet mode with low carbohydrate and high nutritional density. Among them, in the first three months, the low-carbohydrate mode was adopted, that is, rice flour and other high-starch foods were restricted. In order to reduce hunger, meal replacement powder was used together. After three months, the success rate of weight loss was 60.0%, which produced obvious early weight loss effect.

　　"Whether it is psychological or substantive, from the clinical observation, the role of meal replacement in weight loss is indeed not small." Deng Yuhong further explained that first of all, meal replacement has a sense of ritual, reminding himself that "now I am losing weight and can’t eat more". Secondly, increase satiety and reduce appetite. Meal replacement powder generally adds konjac flour, whey protein powder, soybean protein powder, dietary fiber, etc. Of course, some fats and carbohydrates provide basic calories, which can fight hunger after eating.

　　Reminder:

　　Long-term blind eating meal replacement has side effects

　　It is worth mentioning that this study tried to follow up patients after one year, but the loss rate was too high. It is pointed out that the patient’s withdrawal may reflect the patient’s intolerance to this dietary pattern. Deng Yuhong also said that in fact, in the actual research, the loss rate of weight loss projects has been high, ranging from 15% to 50%.

　　Deng Yuhong said that the ordinary balanced diet pattern is the long-term eating habit of Chinese people. Once it changes, such as reducing staple food, it begins to try "half-generation meal" (instead of one meal) or even "full-generation meal" (instead of all meals). The stronger the degree of intolerance, the weaker the execution, because people are born to pursue diversified diets and everyone’s physical condition is different, but the weight loss gimmicks of businesses are often "simple and rude".

　　"For example, there used to be a company that made meal replacement food, which required that every meal must be meal replacement, only 700 calories a day, and it must be eaten for a month, which of course would be thin. But the problem is that most people will fall into ‘ Yo-yo ’ Effect, eating meal replacement, the overall intake of calories is less, and the weight is down; Stopped the meal replacement and gained weight again. The harm caused by the rebound is self-evident. "

　　Doctors remind that the cost of educating the masses is often high, especially it takes time and energy to let everyone know about the dangers of obesity and popularize how to eat a balanced and healthy diet. However, many businesses often skip this step. In order to maximize profits, they often take advantage of people’s weakness of wanting to lose weight in the short term and publicize the effectiveness of weight loss products. They need to be more vigilant and do not recommend sacrificing health. After all, many meal replacement products have very few calories, and there are many side effects in the long run, especially women are prone to endocrine disorders and anorexia.

　　Doctors suggest that ordinary people can check whether they are really obese by calculating BMI and going to the hospital for physical examination, ignoring this step and blindly losing weight with the wind, thus damaging their own metabolic rate, which may have been superior, but it is not worth the candle.