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What exactly is China’s culture？

Author: Ge Zhaoguang (Professor, Institute of Literature and History, Fudan University)

The topic I am going to talk about today is a very common topic-what is the "China’s" culture? A little special is that I put the words "China’s" in quotation marks, because what I mainly discuss is what can be regarded as China’s culture.

Why do you want to discuss this issue?

As we all know, there have been many discussions about China culture since the late Qing Dynasty, from Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan’s "opening their eyes to see the world" to the May 4th New Culture Movement and the "cultural craze" in the 1980s. Why are we discussing this issue today? This is because I have the following special considerations, first of all, "tell the truth."

First, our past discussions about China culture, or the definition of China culture, are often exaggerated and specious. We have some highly generalized adjectives, but to be honest, you don’t know what he is talking about after listening to it, which is not in line with the habit of a historian. I’m going to tell you something specific today, that is, what can be regarded as "China’s culture".

Second, I also have my concerns. In recent years, many people are keen to talk about China culture, such as "China culture going abroad" and "China culture’s significance in the world". However, when many people talk about "China culture", they will first "narrow it down". As we all know, China is a multi-ethnic country now, but some people have narrowed China culture into Han culture, then narrowed it into Confucian culture in Han nationality, and then narrowed it into Confucian culture that he thinks is orthodox and classic, which makes us misunderstand what China culture is.

Thirdly, I am very worried that when we talk about "China culture", some people have a strange sense of cultural superiority that comes from nowhere. Therefore, under the background of the so-called "rise of China", many people will have an illusion that our China culture is superior to other cultures. Actually, culture is a phenomenon, a feature,There is no high or low culture and no high or low nation.Therefore, we need to know China culture rationally, historically and consciously now, so that we can have an attitude of mutual communication, mutual understanding and equality with various nationalities and cultures.

Five typical characteristics of China culture.

What I want to make clear today is what is a typical China culture. In other words, that is, the characteristics of China culture, what is obvious in China and not obvious in foreign countries, what is in China and not in foreign countries, so that we can call it "China culture". However, I have to make a definition here. The following is mainly about the culture of China, a Han nationality.

The first is reading, writing and thinking through Chinese characters.This is very important. You know, except for a few Dongba characters of Naxi nationality in China, all pictographic characters have basically disappeared in life, and only Chinese characters are still in direct contact with their original pictographs and originality.

Some Chinese characters are pictographic, such as the sun, the moon, the wood, the fire, the water, the hand and the knife, etc. This was called "Wen" in ancient China. In Zhang Taiyan’s view, this is the most basic Chinese character unit "Chuwen". This is the ancient people’s direct description of what he saw through images. However, if these words are not enough, we should add understanding, that is, add some symbols to mark the meaning on some hieroglyphics. For example, adding a little to the blade is the "blade"; Claw on the tree is "picking"; Cattle are locked in a pen, which is "prison" Knowing is still not enough, just add sounds and become pictophonetic characters, such as rivers, pines and cypresses.

The basic Chinese characters are mainly these three categories. Of course, there are six kinds of six books, but these three categories are the main ones. As you can see, these three categories are based on shape. Therefore, speaking, thinking, reading and writing with Chinese characters will bring many features, and there may be some.Emphasis on feeling and association, but the grammar is relatively simple.The characteristics of.

I often cite an example. China people have a natural feeling and association with "writing" and "character". The word "person" in ancient times is a person at first glance. If this person’s mouth is facing the sky, it is a "brother". A brother is not a brother’s brother, but a celebration "wish". A person’s mouth is facing the sky, which means "wish" and "curse". What is a person’s mouth facing forward? It is the "owe" of yawning. But what if this mouth falls back? Since it is "since", it means that you will not eat after eating, so it means "since", that is, it is over. Chinese characters are very interesting, which forms many characteristics of China culture. In short, the use of Chinese characters has brought about the development of calligraphy and the development of poetic temperament, such as antithesis and leveling, which are unique to monosyllabic Chinese characters. In ancient China, Chinese characters, a pictographic-based writing, have never been interrupted in history. It has greatly influenced our thinking, reading and writing, and even affected East Asia, forming the so-called "Chinese character cultural circle".

The second feature is "family, family, country and Confucianism produced in this social structure".This is very influential. When I am in class, especially for foreign students, I have to ask a question, which is, what should Jia Baoyu call Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun? Foreigners are always confused. They say sister, I say, it’s not that simple. In Chinese, it’s cousin, but it’s still not that simple. Strictly speaking, Lin Daiyu is Jia Baoyu’s aunt cousin, Xue Baochai is Jia Baoyu’s aunt cousin, and Shi Xiangyun is a cousin after two generations.Why is China’s appellation so complicated?

This is because China’s family, clan and clan community, in order to be orderly, must define the relationship between distance and closeness very clearly, which involves China’s ethical principles and hierarchical order. To put it simply, there are actually two principles here. One is "there is a difference between inside and outside". Parents and husband and wife are divided into inside and outside, that is to say, female relatives and male relatives are not the same in rank. For example, uncle, uncle, that’s your father’s party, with the same surname; But, uncle and aunt, that’s the mother party, with different surnames. Therefore, grandparents are outside and grandparents are inside. In ancient China, it was clearly divided.

The second principle is "order from top to bottom". It must be made clear that the top and bottom are equal, and the division is clear and can’t be chaotic. These two principles are most obvious in the mourning system. After a person dies, what clothes to wear at this person’s funeral, on the one hand, shows how close you are to the deceased, on the other hand, connects a big family, an enlarged family and a larger family community through mourning. China’s family, clan and family community are enlarged again, which is the country. Neither country nor state in the west means "home".China has a "country" and a "home country".Because in China’s concept world, the country is an enlarged home, and the home is a reduced country, and the ethics of being orderly up and down and having other things inside and outside are also very strict at the national level. It is on this basis that Confucianism came into being.

Thirdly, a very important feature of China culture of Han nationality is the belief world of "three religions in one".Song Xiaozong, Emperor Yongle and yongzheng emperor all said almost the same thing, that is, "Confucianism governs the world, Buddhism governs the mind and Taoism governs the body". In other words, Confucianism is in charge of social governance, Buddhism is in charge of spiritual cultivation, and Taoism is in charge of physical cultivation. The three religions seem to be quite harmonious. In fact, historically, this truth is very simple. In China, Buddhism and Taoism have no absoluteness and sacredness, so it is difficult to see debates between religions and wars between religions. This is a characteristic of China.

The fourth feature is China’s most interesting Yin-Yang and Five Elements.Forget about Yin and Yang. There are two principles in the Five Elements. One is the mutual generation, the golden water, the aquatic wood, the wood fire, the fire earth, and the native gold, which are the samsara of mutual generation; Jin Kemu, Mu Ke Tu, Tu Ke Shui, Shui Ke Huo, Huo Ke Jin, this is the rotation of Xiang Ke. The second principle is that the five elements can connect everything in series, for example, the five elements can be matched with five parties, southeast, northwest and middle; Can be matched with five colors, blue, white, red, black and yellow; It can be matched with five tones, and the Gong Shang angle is feathered; It can also be served with five flavors, sweet and sour, spicy and salty, and so on. Connecting everything into a big network is the knowledge basis of our ancestors’ understanding of everything in the universe. Now we have studied science and have doubts about this, but in ancient times, this was the most critical basis for our understanding of the world, and on this basis, a whole set of knowledge and technology was produced.

Fifth, China’s concept of the world,In our modern words, China’s ancient world outlook is very different from that of other countries and nations. In ancient China, there was a place where the universe was imagined to be round, that is, the sky was round like a cover and the place was like a chess game. That is, the sky is round, like a hat, and it is like a chess board. Where is the center of the sky? The ancients imagined that in the North Pole. The ancients watched the celestial phenomena at night. In the vision, the sky is turning, but the earth is not. Therefore, "Heaven turns left". When you face north, the sky turns left, and you will feel that there is a place that never moves. This is the North Pole, which is the pole we are talking about now.

Where did the ancients think the center of the earth was? Luoyang is the center of the earth. This is because when this concept was formed, it was probably the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, when Wang was in Luoyang. Luoyang is the most remarkable, especially, on the day of the summer solstice, "there is no shadow under the sun." So,In ancient China, Luoyang was the center.Imagine zooming in and out, this is the shape of the earth, so there is a saying of "nine clothes" or "five clothes". Every five hundred miles, there are five hundred miles on each side, which is a thousand miles, and the "five clothes" is five thousand miles, and the earth is so square.

However, it is very important to form an idea from here, that is, the more people in the center, the higher the level of civilization.The more people on the edge, the lower the level of civilization. This is Na Man, Bei Di, Dong Yi and Xi Rong. China formed the concept of "Hua Yi" very early.That China people are civilized people and the people around them are barbarians, and barbarians have formed a set of "world concept", that is, imagining the world with me as the center. This imagination and concept gradually developed, which not only became a cultural concept in ethnography and geography, but also formed a political system, namely "tribute system".

If these five aspects are combined together, it constitutes a very obvious culture belonging to China, the Han nationality. However, it needs to be emphasized again that modern China is a mixture of five parties, and even the Han nationality itself is a mixture of five parties. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in fact, foreigners came in constantly, and the Han nationality was gradually absorbed, integrated and mixed with other nationalities.

I have been saying that China culture is plural culture, not singular culture. If you don’t have this idea, you may become blind cultural arrogance.

03 different from the previous cultural transformation

Historically, China has always "changed within the tradition", and the mainstream culture has always been adjusted within the traditional system of Han culture. This is because in ancient China, no culture, whether Buddhism, Sanyi religion, Islam or Catholicism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, can challenge and change this Han China culture. Therefore, the changes are all adjustment, adaptation, reform and change within the tradition. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, China had to "change outside the tradition" and go beyond the tradition, and its culture was facing a crisis.

From 1895 to 1919, this is the most important period of China’s ideological and cultural transformation. During this period, you will see many changes, for example, the emperor became the president, the Manchu empire became the Republic of China with five nationalities, and the traditional empire had to become a modern country; Abolish the imperial examination and set up schools; Opening parliament and establishing political parties; Cut off the braid and put on a dress; Stop bowing and shake hands; Women’s liberation and equality between men and women; Get rid of superstition and advocate science; Untie the bondage and get out of the family. In the past, the so-called "three cardinal guides and five permanent members" have changed and become very thorough and powerful. Facing the western and oriental powers, China people are in an anxious and nervous state of mind. It’s hard to see the self-confidence and stability in the past, and elegance, generosity and calmness are becoming more and more out of date.

Accordingly, the five aspects of the culture of China, the Han nationality, which we just talked about have also changed.

Although most people in China still use Chinese characters, great changes have taken place in modern Chinese.

First, the May 4th New Culture Movement advocated vernacular Chinese. It is undoubtedly very correct to advocate vernacular Chinese, because it is necessary to popularize the literacy rate and improve the cultural level of the people. However, there has also been aNew and old cultural fractureThe problem. The former written language, that is, classical Chinese, represents elegance, courtesy and dignity, and also represents education and culture. Now it is no longer there. When the previous spoken language becomes written language, elegant words and common sayings lose their equal rank, and at the same time, elegance and vulgarity are no longer different. I don’t know if you have this feeling now. Since the vernacular has become the mainstream, there is no longer an elegant way to write letters. With the popularization of computers and the popularity of the Internet, the style of language and culture has disappeared. For example, students write to me without signing their names, and finally they say "Hehe". There is no difference between elegance and vulgarity. Secondly, modern Chinese is mixed with too many modern or western new words. After these words come in, the world we perceive through language has changed. Thirdly, especially after 1950s, China advocated simplified Chinese characters, which widened the distance between the characters and the original image. Although simplified Chinese characters are easy to learn, they are more and more like abstract symbols without the original "shape". In traditional Chinese culture, problems arise through the thinking, writing and expression of images.

Second, there are also problems in family, family, country and Confucianism. Although some traditional families and family organizations are still maintained in modern China, especially in rural areas, China people still attach great importance to family, affection and obedience to their superiors. However, urbanization, small families and population mobility have changed the structural relationship between family, society and country. In the past, the close and interdependent neighborhood, township party and family relations have gradually disappeared in the process of modernization. Therefore,Confucian family ethics and state theory have gradually lost their original social foundation.

The third is to believe in the world. Since the late Qing Dynasty, under the impact of western democratic ideas, Confucianism has gradually been unable to bear the heavy responsibility of political ideology. Under the impact of western scientific ideas, Buddhism and Taoism have been tied down by "breaking superstition" and gradually withdrew from the real world of spirit, knowledge and belief.More and more secularization, institutionalization and tourism.Therefore, the traditional belief world is also in crisis.

The fourth one isyin-yang and five elementsUnder the impact of science, it is becoming more and more difficult to maintain, and it can’t completely explain everything in the world now. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is still preserved in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, geomantic omen, food supplement and so on. In the whole modern knowledge system, it has reached a very marginal place.

The fifth is "from the world to all nations", and the basic concept of the world has changed. After the late Qing Dynasty, the Western Ocean entered the East, which not only destroyed China’s concept of the world and the tributary system, but also redefined the relationship between China and other countries in the world. The world outlook, world outlook, tribute or canonization system in ancient traditions are completely unrealistic.

The above changes show that China culture, especially China culture of Han nationality, has been in an era that needs to be re-recognized, re-understood and re-updated.

What is the difference between "culture" and "civilization"

Today, I have repeatedly stressed that there is no difference between different cultures, only civilization is different in degree. On the basis of such an understanding, we may be able to alleviate the long-term anxiety and tension. I’d like to quote a German scholar iria’s opinion here. In his book The Process of Civilization, he suggested that "culture" and "civilization" can be defined and distinguished, that is, "culture" is something that shows differences between nations, and it always shows a nation’s self and characteristics. Therefore, it has no distinction between high and low. And "civilization" is those things that gradually reduce the differences between different ethnic groups, showing the universal behavior and achievements of human beings. In other words, it is"Culture" makes all ethnic groups different, and "civilization" brings all ethnic groups closer and closer.

Then iria pointed out that "culture" is a kind of personality and spiritual temperament that you don’t have to teach deliberately, but you can get it by hearing it, while "civilization" is often something that you need to learn, so it is always connected with words such as "educated", "knowledgeable" and "regular". It’s like saying that we often play with the ball, which is no problem, but I’m sorry, once you go to the basketball court, you can’t kick it with your feet, and you can’t hold it with your hands (except the goalkeeper) when you go to the football field. Many people have to have rules when playing together.

Although "culture" allows you to express your own characteristics at will, "civilization" gives you some restrictions and rules. If we understand "civilization" and "culture" in this way, we don’t have to be afraid of globalization and modern order, and we don’t have to worry that our culture will be eroded. The question is how to protect our unique culture and tradition in the universal civilization and rules.

Then, I must also explain that,The "culture" of various ethnic groups is often stubborn, and it shows a resistance to heterogeneous "civilization".There is no doubt that civilization is constantly eroding culture, and we admit this, because "civilization" is often advancing, and it always shows the tendency of colonization and expansion. In other words, "culture" is related to tradition, which is special, while "civilization" is related to the future, which is universal. How to coordinate the two?

Today, we are going to talk about the characteristics of China culture of Han nationality, so what we need to consider is,How to preserve special cultures under a universal civilization rule, and at the same time understand the rationality of these cultures in history in the era of modern civilization.

For example, while accepting and praising science, can we have some sympathetic and historical understanding of Yin-Yang and Five Elements? For another example, when we accept the universal laws and systems, can we have a little historical understanding of the ethics and moral standards of the traditional family, family and country in China? For another example, can we also have some warmth towards traditional religions when accepting new civilizations? Similarly, can we not only accept the principle of equality among nations, but also have a little understanding of China people’s historical habits of understanding the world? I personally study history. I have always believed that both culture and civilization must be viewed from the perspective of history. We admit that history is unchangeable. We should look back at culture and look at civilization in the future and have sympathy for both.

Source: History Research Society

Editor: Xu Aixue of Weinan Political Science and Law Network

＂Playing a game, the privacy is stripped away.＂

Han Dandong and Guan Chuyu/Rule of Law Daily

"Just playing a game, why do you want me to open so many permissions? ！” Mr. Li from Quanzhou, Fujian recently played a small game called ×× Bottle, and found that this game actually requires the player to authorize the phone address book, location, access to photo albums, text messages and storage to play. "This is simply more detailed than checking the account."

Mr. Li is not the only one who over-requests permission for online games. A number of gamers recently said in an interview with the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily that many online games, especially small games, have the problem of asking for excessive permissions. For example, if you play a small game, you have to authorize your camera, microphone, positioning and address book. If you don’t agree, you can’t play the game.

"Playing a game, privacy is stripped away." A player said.

Why do players have to open so many permissions to play a game? What impact may excessive permission have on players? Why has this chaos been repeatedly banned? With these questions, the reporter launched an investigation.

Online games ask for permission excessively.

Illegal collection of personal information

"Some large online games don’t need to open so many permissions. Instead, some casual games require opening various permissions. Moreover, once the storage permission is obtained, various advertisements will pop up soon, and some will be automatically downloaded to’ My File Management’. The game didn’t have fun, and the garbage had to be cleaned up. " Mr. Li complained rather helplessly.

The reporter’s investigation found that some games will clearly explain the role of opening various permissions when applying for access rights. For example, in the privacy permission setting of the next popular hero competitive mobile game, there are explanatory information on the right side of each permission: you can experience game functions such as voice, voice to text, etc. by opening the microphone permission; Open the location permission to experience the game functions such as glory war zone and nearby people.

However, some installation-free applet games have a large number of requests for content rights unrelated to the game, and there is no relevant explanation. In the "Play Small Games in XX seconds" App, there are many small games that can be played without installation and opening. The reporter tried to play more than a dozen of them. Almost all of these games require a number of permissions from the player’s mobile phone, and they cannot enter the game without consent.

The privacy policy of a small program game named "XX Model" reads: "When you use the network service of this software, this software automatically receives and records the information on your mobile phone, including but not limited to your health data, voice used, date and time of visit, software and hardware feature information and the webpage you need."

It is understood that this is a cosmetic game. The privacy policy of this game does not indicate what the purpose of obtaining these rights information is, and "health data" has nothing to do with the game experience itself. There are many similar Applet games in the above-mentioned app, and there is this one in the privacy policy.

The reporter noticed that there are some boutique games in the App that are free of installation, but if you want to play these games, you must allow the App to access the applications on the player’s device, including photos, audio and video, and files, otherwise you will not be able to enter the game.

In fact, it is very common for online games to ask for permission excessively. In the list of apps that infringe on users’ rights and interests notified by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in recent years, game software has been listed many times, and the problems involved in the software can hardly be avoided in two categories: "App is forced, frequent and excessively asks for permission" and "illegally collects personal information".

On March 21 this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology reported the latest batch of 55 apps that infringe on users’ rights and interests, including 7 game products. The main problems are excessive permission and illegal information collection.

In January this year, the Hainan Provincial Network Information Office conducted technical tests on various applications with a large number of users and closely related to people’s lives, in view of the illegal acquisition, out-of-range collection and over-requesting permission of apps strongly reflected by the masses. The results showed that all 17 online game apps of stick figure with a Line Drawing had behaviors such as forcing users’ permission, not specifying the purpose of requesting permission and over-collecting personal privacy information to varying degrees.

On March 27th, Chongqing Communications Administration and Sichuan Communications Administration notified the list of Apps infringing on users’ rights and interests in Sichuan and Chongqing in the third phase of 2023. A game App "illegally collects personal information, illegally uses personal information, is forced by the App, frequently and excessively asks for permission, and the app frequently starts itself and is associated with it", which became one of the typical cases that were notified.

The principle of minimization should be followed.

Obtain the necessary permissions to run.

How to measure whether a game excessively asks for permission?

Xie Lianjie, a lawyer of Beijing Yingke (Shanghai) Law Firm, believes that it can be considered from four aspects: the type, scope, quantity and purpose of authority. For example, if the game software reads contacts and short messages in the address book, the permissions are beyond the scope of its functional requirements, or reads permissions unrelated to the game, or the number of requested permissions is too large, and the requested permissions are inconsistent with the purpose of using its functions, etc., which are all excessive requests for permissions.

"To measure whether the game software excessively requests permission, we need to comprehensively consider various factors, but there is a principle that must be followed, that is, the principle of minimizing permission. The game software should only request necessary permission and cannot abuse it." Xie Lianjie said.

Xie Lianjie said that excessive access may have a series of adverse effects on users. For example, game software requires users to authorize information such as address book and location. Once users are authorized, personal privacy may be leaked; Excessive request for permission may also lead to system security risks, and malicious software can use the obtained permission to attack and tamper, bringing security risks to users; There are also some applications that must be recharged to use certain functions, and careless authorization by users may lead to unnecessary expenses.

What legal provisions are suspected of violating the game’s excessive request for permission?

Yao Jinju, a professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University, said that over-requesting permission is not necessary for providing services or unreasonable application scenarios, especially when it is silent or running in the background, and it is suspected of violating the relevant provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law, the Network Security Law and the Data Security Law. At the same time, if this behavior causes the personal dignity of natural persons to be violated or the personal and property safety to be endangered, it will violate the provisions of the Civil Code on personal rights and property rights.

"By asking for permission, the game software may directly obtain the identified or identifiable personal information, and collect, store, use, process, transmit, disclose and delete it. The Personal Information Protection Law stipulates that the processing of personal information should have a clear and reasonable purpose, and should be directly related to the purpose of processing, and adopt a method that has the least impact on personal rights and interests. " Yao Jinju said that the collection of personal information should be limited to the minimum range of processing purposes and should not be over-collected. Therefore, game software should obtain the necessary permissions to maintain the normal operation of the game strictly and limited based on clear and reasonable purposes.

Establish and improve the supervision system

Special rectification and strengthening punishment

The regulatory authorities have repeatedly stressed that it is forbidden to ask for excessive rights and constantly expose illegal game software. Why is this problem still banned?

In the view of Zhu Jie, a lawyer of Taihetai (Chongqing) Law Firm, there are three main reasons for repeated violations:

Rich profits bring great temptation. The acquisition of user rights is essentially to obtain user’s personal information. These personal information, whether processed by game operators themselves or provided directly to others, can be transformed into huge benefits.

The punishment for violations is not strong and the deterrence is insufficient. For such violations, the punishment measures of the regulatory authorities mainly include rectification within a time limit, removal from the shelves, administrative punishment, etc. These measures are not enough to offset the profits brought by violations.

Regular rectification of regulatory measures, the coverage is not large enough and the duration is not long enough, which makes some illegal manufacturers feel lucky or take temporary rectification to cope with supervision.

"The reason why game operators ask for permission excessively is to collect a large amount of personal information and dig deep into users’ consumption habits in order to seek more benefits. For game software and its operators who repeatedly violate regulations or cause serious consequences and adverse effects due to excessive permission, they should be directly punished. " Zhu Jie said that only by bringing the long-term mechanism into the supervision system and strengthening the punishment measures can the illegal manufacturers be banned.

"The problem now is not that the punishment prescribed by law is not enough, but that the corresponding law enforcement punishment has not been fully kept up." Xie Lianjie suggested that the special rectification of personal information protection in the game industry should be launched.

Some players suggested that the punishment for game operators who ask for too much authority should be strengthened, not only the illegal game software should be rectified and removed from the shelves, but also the game operators should be punished accordingly, and those who refuse to change their education should be restricted from putting their products on the shelves in the future; To further compact the platform’s responsibility, the platform should focus on the supervision of illegal game software, and smooth the reporting channels to respond to the demands of the masses.

Si Binbin, a lawyer of Beijing Tao ‘an Law Firm, also proposed to further implement the responsibility of the platform or application store. Game software on the shelves of regular application stores generally needs to access its SDK (Software Development Toolkit), which can be set to a strict form by default by the platform, and it is not allowed to be modified at will. If it is really necessary to ask for more user rights for the game software to run, it needs to be verified and confirmed by the game developer and the platform. "If there is a problem, the regulatory authorities can consider double penalties for game operators and platforms to promote the dual implementation of responsibilities."

Many experts suggested that users should also enhance their awareness of security, protect their personal information, choose a regular platform to download game software, try not to download from browsers or game stores with unknown sources, read the Privacy Agreement and User Agreement in detail, and do not authorize it easily; Find out the problem of asking for permission excessively, actively report it and jointly safeguard the online game environment.

Zhou Yuhua, senior editor of this issue.

Badminton class： the most complete badminton course in the world!

(1)

Introduction to badminton, health and movements

[Many benefits of playing badminton:]

1. Eyes:People who insist on playing ball have about an hour to look straight into the distance every day, which is a good relaxation for their eyes. If you have a school-age child at home, you can let him insist on playing ball every day, and the chance of myopia will definitely be reduced.

2. Neck, shoulders and spinePeople who often sit in front of the computer will have some problems with cervical vertebrae and shoulders more or less. The correct playing posture requires the back to be straight and relaxed, and long-term persistence will greatly improve the discomfort of cervical vertebrae and shoulders.

3. Heart:Sticking to playing ball will give you a strong heart and cardiovascular system function. When the maximum oxygen uptake is increased, the oxygen delivered to various organs of the body is greatly increased, and the working quality of various organs is naturally greatly improved. In addition, badminton will speed up blood circulation, so that the coronary artery has enough blood to supply the myocardium, thus preventing various heart diseases. Through the whole body movement, it can promote venous blood flow back to the heart and prevent venous thrombosis.

4. Blood:With a strong cardiovascular system, the blood quality of runners is better than that of ordinary people. The adaptive changes of the body to playing badminton for a long time can improve metabolism and reduce blood lipid and cholesterol levels.

5, lungs and respiratory system:Long-term badminton exercise can strengthen lung function and increase vital capacity-regular long-term badminton can develop lung respiratory muscles, make the amount of ventilation increase and enhance lung function. Personally, I have a seasonal rhinitis attack every autumn, which is very tormenting, but I haven’t relapsed since I started playing this year. I wonder if it has anything to do with it?

6. Liver:When I was in a physical examination, the physical examination doctor called the intern to him and said, Look, this is a healthy liver with clear veins on the surface, which is rare now. Playing ball to eliminate fatty liver has been verified by many golfers and is very effective.

【Playing badminton is good for bodybuilding;】

7. Abdomen:A flat abdomen or an obvious abdominal muscle groove is the dream of many people. Many fitness coaches’ suggestions and exercises such as abdominal muscle ripper spread wildly on the Internet can help you to make your abdominal muscles stronger, but you also need aerobic exercise such as badminton to remove the thick fat packaging outside your abdominal muscles. Of course, stick to it, because the belly fat is the most cunning, and it will fight back if you relax a little.

8. Waist and buttocks:The change of figure in badminton is first reflected in this position. Many golfers have had this experience. After starting to play for a while, the weight has not been significantly reduced, but the figure has improved obviously, especially the waistline has become more beautiful.

9. Knees:Some people say that playing badminton only hurts one knee, which is reasonable. Most people who insist on playing ball are more or less troubled by knee injuries. However, I learned from the communication with many golfers who have been playing badminton for more than ten years that they will encounter the same problem when they first started playing badminton. Some people will have pain in their knees even if they play slowly, but with the gradual accumulation of playing and strength practice, their knees will become stronger and stronger.

10. Muscles:In addition to looking firm and elastic, the muscle tissue of people who often play badminton will also change, and the distribution of capillaries in a certain volume of muscle will greatly increase, which is more efficient for comfortable oxygen and nutrients. I wonder if badminton players are more cold-tolerant, and this has something to do with it?

11. Stomach and intestines: Playing badminton makes people feel full of optimism, which helps to increase appetite, strengthen digestive function and promote nutrient absorption. Of course, what is more enviable is how to eat without getting fat, haha.

12. Muscles: Playing badminton for a long time can strengthen the respiratory muscles of the lungs, heart muscles, neck muscles, chest muscles, arm muscles and muscles in the waist, buttocks, thighs, calves and feet, making it difficult for muscles everywhere to accumulate metabolites such as lactic acid or carbon dioxide. Playing badminton can be said to be the first choice of all sports, which will have a positive impact on your participation in other sports.

13. Bones: Playing badminton for a long time can improve the strength of each joint and the softness of ligaments; And increase the strength and density of bones to prevent people from suffering from degenerative osteoporosis in old age. Look at the old people in every badminton match and you will know how strong the bones are.

Illustration of basic badminton techniques

Last night, I dug up some good diagrams of basic badminton skills from the computer and shared them with you. Those who are interested can study them themselves or practice them on the court.

These pictures are different from ordinary plane textbooks. Using GIF format, we can clearly see the whole process of action. I added some notes at the bottom of each picture, hoping to help TX learn these technologies better.

1, forehand serve high ball

This is one of the most important basic skills in badminton, which is second only to forehand golf. In general teaching, this technology is the first to be learned.

The forehand high-distance serve technique is divided into three parts: "lifting-leading-hitting". The key point is that every link must be stretched, especially the hitting link, and the wrist must be fully unfolded (as shown in the figure before hitting the ball), plus the front twist, the wrist is driven by the arm, and the ball is sent to the opponent’s bottom line by explosive force.

This trick is very effective when dealing with beginners’ opponents. Generally, as long as the ball is sent to the backcourt, the average player can’t get it back in place, so he can only send it to the midfield, and then you can hang or kill it at will.

2. Forehand high ball

This is the most difficult and important action in basic technology. It usually takes a certain amount of practice to master it.

As shown in the figure, the whole technique includes four steps of "lifting-leading-hitting-reversing". The first step is to lift the racket, with your body facing the net and your shoulders fully flat; The second step is to lead the racket, which requires the right leg to turn the body into a full position, and at the same time, the waist force is used to drive the arm and elbow joint to lift fully; In the third step, you should pay attention to grabbing the highest point to hit the ball, so as to maximize the torque and at the same time fully forward the wrist; The fourth step is to return, that is, immediately after hitting the ball, return to the preparation posture of slightly bending your legs before hitting the ball, and prepare to receive the next ball.

The most noteworthy thing is that the whole movement must be coherent, especially the second and third links, which must be done in one go. If you master this trick skillfully and can return the ball to the baseline (especially the opponent’s backhand baseline), you will be basically invincible among beginners.

These are the two most important movements in the primary stage, and I spent more time explaining them. The following movements are relatively easy to use, do not need too much practice, and can be used flexibly in the competition.

3, forehand pick the ball

The so-called forehand pick is to pick the ball falling from the frontcourt to the opponent’s backcourt. It should be noted that the arm and wrist must be fully extended before hitting the ball, and at the same time pay attention to controlling the racket face to swing forward and upward.

Personally, I think it’s quite damaging, because the inertia of running forward will always be greater than that of running backward. Some people rush to the frontcourt with great inertia, but when they can’t stop the car, you pick the ball and send it back to the bottom line, which makes people very helpless.

4. Forehand flat draw

The technique that is easy to use in doubles is characterized by its fast speed, which is easy to cause close contact and make the opponent unprepared.

Attention should be paid to the wrist flashing must be fast, find the right landing point, the other .. I haven’t thought of it yet. …

5. Spin the ball internally

The name of the picture is the inside spin shot, but in fact it seems to be just a forehand lob (and it is adjusted to the outside). The action is basically the same as the forehand high ball, except that the amplitude and strength of the whole action are not so great. At the moment of hitting the ball, the wrist presses down and the ball brushes past the net.

Hanging the ball can be weird, so if you are calm enough in front of your opponent, you can confuse him with a fake action first.

6. Backhand stroke

This is the basic action of backhand handball. The picture is very clear. When catching this ball, first raise the elbow joint and fix it, and then use the pushing force of the thumb when holding the backhand to push it forward. This step-by-step hitting method will increase the strength a lot.

7, backhand high ball

It is similar to the picture above, except that the high-distance ball needs great strength and the range of preparation action should be greater. It should be noted that in addition to the fixed elbow joint and thumb push mentioned in 6, it is to control the racket face, which should be upward and forward.

PS: Although the action is explained, the beginners of TX are advised not to use it, because if this action is not done well, the ball will return to the half height of the opponent’s midfield and be easily intercepted. So whether you use it or not depends on your confidence.

8, backhand pick the ball

9, backhand flat draw

The process of these two movements is basically the same (of course, for beginners). It is necessary to fix the elbow joint first, and then push the racket face forward and upward with the thumb. The difference lies in the route, landing point, preparation range and racket face direction of the ball.

When picking the ball, you should pay attention to fully open your wrist before hitting the ball, and hit the ball when it falls; Flat draw is to push the ball out flat when the ball is half high, which requires fast speed and accurate landing.

(2)

How to improve the reaction ability and badminton skills?

To improve badminton’s reaction, we should classify it first. Badminton’s reaction includes: visual reaction, action reaction, return line reaction, strength control reaction, consciousness reaction, etc. We should pay attention to classification and comprehensive improvement in normal practice. You can start by practicing the fixed-point catch first, then practice the flat draw, and then pay attention to observing the opponent’s hand law and the opponent’s gap in actual combat, so as to improve the sense of the ball through multi-ball practice.

Visual reaction: refers to the reaction at the moment when you see the trajectory of the ball clearly.

Action response: refers to your reaction from visual response to preparation for action hitting.

Return line reaction: how to control the opponent’s advanced reaction according to the incoming line, the opponent’s position and running trend in a certain round; How to further make the opponent passive when taking the initiative, how to strive for the initiative in the stalemate, and how to reverse the situation in the passive.

Strength control response: how to adjust the response of your return stroke according to the strength, speed and rotation of the incoming ball.

Conscious reaction: a reaction to judge in advance according to the habit of the other party.

The rotation of badminton is generally reflected in two situations, one is chopping and hanging, and the other is rubbing the ball in front of the net. The strength control response is a response to how to control the strength and angle well in the face of these two situations. They are similar to the rotation of table tennis, especially the catching, chopping and hanging balls. On the surface, the speed is very slow, but in fact, because the rotation will make your return ball a little harder, the degree of rotation is different, and the strength of your return ball is also different, especially when catching, chopping and hanging the ball back to the net, it is easy to get off the net or get too high or even out of bounds. This requires you to adjust your strength when you touch the ball.

Another situation of the ball in front of the net is better explained. Most people rarely dare to rub the ball back before receiving the net, especially when the ball rotates badly, it is easy to return the ball out of bounds. But in fact, the reaction is fast enough, the strength and angle are well adjusted, and it is not difficult to rub back, which enriches your ball path, especially when you face an opponent who likes to press down, you can destroy his rhythm. It is not easy for him to force you to pick a high ball with his front control (rubbing the ball, putting the net, hanging the ball, etc.), and the backcourt techniques of killing, hanging and splitting are not so consistent and smooth, even if it is made.

(3)

Ten essentials of badminton singles

First, warm-up and preparation

I believe that I don’t need to say that many golfers also know that preparation and warm-up are really important, and it is also very easy to get hurt to warm up by pulling high and long balls before the game. Here, what I want to say about warm-up is that I should do more pulling actions, such as standing forward, stretching and so on, supplemented by jogging. I usually keep the warm-up time between 40 minutes and an hour before a big game, so as to ensure all aspects of my body.

As for preparation, I usually prepare 5-7 rackets of the same model before the game. Why is it the same model?

Although the racket has little influence on the technology, it does, after all. It is impossible for you to adapt to the feel in such a short time. The feel of the same type of racket is quite close, which helps to maintain the feel.

I don’t agree with some people who say that a master can play any way with any racket, otherwise why don’t professional players shoot in the supermarket?

The racket is still very useful for the development of personal skills. A racket suitable for you and a racket of the same model will help to maintain a good feel.

At the same time, check the condition of the racket before the game.

I am used to patting my face with my hand before the game. If I find something wrong, I will cut off the thread and pull it again. The reason is very simple. A racket that has lost 25 pounds has no time to adapt to its performance.

Second, practice and adaptation

Many professional players will practice a few balls before the game, but we often mistake them for warm-up.

In fact, this is the process of adapting to the wind direction and speed of the venue and the ball used in the game.

Before a singles match, I will practice attacking and defending flat strokes, then high and flat strokes, then rubbing and catching the ball, and finally serving. The technique of hanging ball is not widely used in my match, so I usually ask for a change of racket before I want to use it, and then practice with a few strokes after the change.

In this way, you can fully enter the game state and strive to play every ball with high quality.

In the process of adaptation, another important factor is shoes and floor.

Before the official kick-off, you must run a pace and take a look at the situation of the venue. By the way, you can practice difficult techniques such as catching the ground and diving to see if the venue is suitable.

Third, sending, receiving and probing

When I am in the game, the first few strokes are basically in a tentative stage, whether it is a familiar opponent or a strange enemy, because temptation can make me enter the rhythm of the game, and can also test the opponent’s state. In the tentative stage, I can fully display my ball control ability, and at the same time reserve my killer skills to put pressure on my opponent, and the most important thing is to send and receive.

When serving, I am used to serving short balls, but I never rush to attack, because it takes a lot of energy, and everyone’s energy in the first few shots is relatively high, which is not suitable for assault, but occasionally I will attack by surprise.

Receiving the service, because I like Taufik better, so the receiving and dispatching completely imitate Taufik.

It is a negative connection that has more confidence in one’s own technology and does not grab the point.

Fourth, stalemate and consumption

In the stalemate stage, the most taboo is to show defeat.

There is a famous term in the casino called "Poker Face", which means that no matter whether you get a good hand or a bad hand, you will not show it on your face. No matter whether you win or lose, your face will not change at all, so that your opponent will not notice the changes in your mentality and physical strength. When you feel that your physical strength has dropped sharply, don’t try to be brave. After all, this is a competition, not a practice. It is useless to show off at the stage of serious physical decline, but it will quickly lose points, so applying for rest, drinking some physical granules, wiping sweat, adjusting breathing and massaging muscles can quickly relieve the symptoms caused by fatigue, and at the same time slow down the opponent’s offensive edge and destroy the scoring rhythm.

It should be added here that it is best to pay attention to diet before the game, and supplement vitamin C, and make the content of vitamin C in the body saturated as much as possible before the game, which is helpful to maintain physical strength.

Taurine nutritious drinks like Red Bull can be prepared on the field (it is nonsense to say that there is something wrong with Red Bull), and bananas are fruits, so don’t drink milk, which is said to be bad.

V. Controlled and Anti-controlled

Master abuses rookie, mainly in control, rookie wins master, and wins in anti-control.

The so-called controlled and counter-controlled, in fact, is to use the changeable ball path to control the opponent’s return rhythm, and use the dominant net front and back to control the return line to create a surprise opportunity. Counter-controlled is to use the means of diagonal lines, straight lines and diagonal lines before and after the net to mobilize the opponent in the multi-shot stalemate, so as to achieve the purpose of counter-controlled.

The skillful application of anti-control on the court comes from the training of multi-balls off the court, the practice of feeling in front of the net, the rhythm of being deceived and the flexible use of steps.

If you can’t be very uncontrolled on the court, you will be firmly controlled by your opponent, so it is extremely unfavorable for your opponent to fully grasp the rhythm of the game. This requires golfers to understand your opponent and know some habits and characteristics of your opponent. Although there will be changes on the court, the subconscious things can’t be changed. You should fight back at your opponent’s weak areas, struggle less in the opponent’s strong parts, disrupt the opponent’s rhythm, and achieve the purpose of speed change. Speed change is precisely a high summary of modern badminton technology.

Sixth, suppression and counter-suppression

After talking about control, let’s talk about suppression. Some people don’t know what repression is, for example.

In the men’s singles quarter-final of the 2012 Olympic Games, when Li Zongwei confronted Chen Long, Chen Long seemed unable to fight back, which was the dead hole that Li Zongwei caught.

Li Zongwei studied the characteristics of Chen Long before the game, so there was a pressing style of playing on the court. Chen Long’s advantage of being tall and arm-length became a disadvantage. Because the opponent killed the ball mostly in the middle, and Chen Long, who was tall and arm-length, was very difficult to pick up, so he was very passive. In addition, the opponent had no chance to score without giving a high ball, so Chen Long was suppressed all the way and eventually lost.

This is a typical repression.

My style of play mostly exists in the downward pressure control net, which ensures the quality of returning the ball through continuous downward pressure, and at the same time destroys the defensive rhythm of the opponent. Most of the round ends with the opponent picking the ball out of bounds.

For players with strong ability, it is necessary to investigate before the game and know the opponent’s dead hole. Don’t rush to press it first, observe it first, so that the opponent’s dead hole will become a killer at a critical moment. For example, when dealing with such key points as 19: 18 and 19: 20, it is necessary to suppress the play. At the moment of winning, using the killer in the snow will make the defense line in the opponent’s heart collapse.

Seven, defense

Defense is a big topic, so I won’t say much here. I just want to talk about the psychological problems in defense. In fact, when defending, the biggest pressure in my heart is the opponent, because he wants to make every shot of high quality, and the pat should be controlled, but the defender can keep a stable mentality as long as the quality of the return ball is not too bad, so the more anxious he is, the more likely he is to go wrong. When defending, he should pay special attention to his feet, and he must think about it when being transferred by his opponent.

Eight, strategy and tactics

Choosing a good strategy and tactics is also very important for a game, such as Taufik’s tactics to limit Lin Dan’s down-pressure and Lin Shuijing’s ball-changing, which are all specific tactics to limit specific opponents.

Of course, you should not be too extreme in your choice. It depends on the situation and special circumstances are treated specially. Tactics and strategies are only an auxiliary means based on the style of play. Entertainment and competition come first.

Nine, attack

When attacking, we should send you four words, in an orderly way.

There is more than one attack means to kill the ball. Split hanging, split killing and point killing are all excellent means.

Don’t expect to kill the opponent in one attack, always be ready for convergence, and you must not be careless when attacking. Don’t think that the opponent will have no quality if he catches the ball passively. On the contrary, in most cases, the quality of passive catching is still very high.

When killing the ball, killing less, hitting the landing point more, playing the angle, and killing again in a single game is tantamount to suicide.

Ten, the policy is the best.

There are two main aspects, the first is the highlight-fake action.

In singles, the use of feint is more frequent, the rhythm of feint, feint and feint, the diagonal pause of forehand hook, and the consistency of seemingly heavy killing in the backcourt are all the keys to completing excellent feint.

So you should make sure that your fake action is "real" enough. If someone’s fake action is fake at first glance, it will not have the effect it should have.

The value of fake action lies in forcing the opponent to start again, disrupting the opponent’s pace and defensive rhythm, leading to the return of the ball is not in place or out of bounds. It is of great value in singles, but like stocks, high returns are behind high risks. Fake action has no particularly obvious effect on people who are deceived and start very smoothly, but internal friction is certain, just a matter of how much. Constant high-quality fake action will also disrupt the rhythm of so-called masters, but fake action can only be realized and cannot be forced.

(4)

Master’s advanced road, 8 strokes master’s collection!

(A) the type of singles play

Singles play is a technical play based on the individual technical characteristics, physical quality, psychological quality and other conditions of the players. There are about five common types:

1, control the backcourt, high ball bottom.

From the beginning of serving, use a high ball or an offensive flat ball to press the bottom line of the opponent’s backcourt, forcing the opponent to retreat. When the opponent’s return is not enough, smash the ball to win; Or when the opponent is negligent in frontcourt defense, he can hang the ball in front of the net with techniques such as light hanging and rubbing the ball. The light lift must be carried out on the basis that several high-distance balls strongly hold down the backcourt and the opponent can’t return to the frontcourt in time. This style of play is mainly a contest between strength and high, hanging and killing skills in the backcourt. For beginners, this is a basic play that must be learned first.

2, play the corner, high and short combination

In the backcourt, attack the four corners of the opponent’s court accurately with high, flat and drop balls, while in the frontcourt, attack the opponent’s space with the front ball, push ball and pick ball, mobilize the opponent to run back, forth, left and right, and take care of one thing and lose sight of another. When the opponent has no time to return to the center position or the quality of the return ball is poor, he will launch an attack to win. This kind of play requires the attacking players to have strong ability to control the ball’s landing point, flexible and fast footwork, and speed, otherwise it is difficult to get the upper hand.

3, the pressure is given priority to, before the control network.

A style of play in which the opponent makes a direct mistake or passively hits the ball over the net and is defeated by the attacker by pre-emptive strike, then quickly surfing the net with rubbing, pushing, flapping and hooking techniques to control the front of the net at a high point. It is also commonly called "killing the Internet". This kind of play is offensive, which can quickly control the front of the net at a high point, and requires high speed endurance and strength endurance. This kind of play consumes a lot of physical strength. If you meet an opponent with good defensive skills, physical strength will often become the key factor for success or failure.

4. Pull and lift quickly, and combine front and rear.

Quickly press the two corners of the opponent’s backcourt with a flat high ball, cooperate with the first two corners of the fast hanging net (or use chopping) to attract the opponent to the net. When the opponent passively returns the ball in front of the net, he quickly controls the net, and pushes the two corners of the bottom line of the backcourt with the combination of rubbing and hooking the ball in front of the net, forcing the opponent to struggle to cope, creating opportunities for the frontcourt culling and the strong smash in the middle and backcourt. This is also a proactive and quick attack style. This style of play requires athletes to have good physical fitness, especially speed endurance, comprehensive skills, and special skills of surprise attack.

5, defensive counterattack, both offensive and defensive.

Hit the opponent’s front, back, left and right corners with a flat lob and a fast lob to mobilize the opponent. Let the opponent attack first, strengthen the defense against the high ball, square ball, drop ball, etc. played by the attacker, and use fast and flexible footwork, changeable ball path and sharp and accurate landing point to induce the opponent to move in a hurry during the attack, barely smash, resulting in hitting mistakes, or when the opponent’s return ball quality is poor, seize the favorable fighter and attack suddenly. This style of play requires players to have the ability to control the ball and counter-control the ball. They should not only have excellent speed endurance, flexible footwork, accurate and quick response and ability to judge and respond, but also have tenacious fighting spirit and psychological quality, so as to remain calm and fight back in adversity and passive orange.

(B) the type of doubles play

Doubles play is formed after long-term training according to the technical level, physical and psychological quality of both sides and the cooperative characteristics of partners. There are three common types:

1. Play in front and back positions

This style of play is basically used by our side when serving. The server stands in front. When the server serves, he immediately lifts his racket to block the frontcourt, and the other player is responsible for all kinds of incoming balls in the midfield or backcourt. The front and back station method can make full use of the technology of rubbing, hanging, pushing and flapping before the fast attack to find the gap and disrupt the opponent’s station in one fell swoop; Or through the back attack and forward attack, the backcourt continues to smash vigorously, and the frontcourt is actively blocked. When the return ball is near the net, it will be fatal in one fell swoop.

2, left and right position play

This style of play is basically used when our side is in the state of receiving service and being attacked by downward pressure. When the flat ball served or hit by the opponent is in the backcourt, the receiver can immediately change from the original front and back positions to the left and right positions. Both of them are responsible for the defense of the left and right half-courts, so as to hold down the two corners of the opponent’s backcourt baseline with a flat draw and a flat hit. When the opponent smashes the ball, he can also counter with a flat draw or pick a high ball to the two corners, resulting in the opponent’s inability to return the ball and the success of smashing or dropping the ball at one stroke.

3, rotating position play

In the competition, both the offensive and defensive sides always change between the front and back stations and the left and right stations according to the situation of the competition. The transformation of stations usually has the following characteristics:

(1) Stand back and forth when serving or receiving the service. When the opponent returns the high ball to attack to the side of the backcourt, the player in front should retreat in a straight line, and the player in the back should move sideways according to the situation and change to the left and right positions.

(2) When serving or receiving the service, it is in a left-right parallel position. After serving or in the process of hitting the ball, once there is an opportunity to make a downward attack, one player will quickly block the net, while the other will quickly move to the backcourt to smash, hang and kill the ball vigorously, resulting in the opponent being in a passive position.

People’s body talk： the charm of football and grassroots feelings

Source: People’s Daily Online-Viewpoint Channel Original Draft

On November 17th, in the second round of the 2022 Chinese Football Association Cup, the Chinese champion team Jingchuan Wenhui eliminated the Chinese Super League team Beijing Guoan 7:5 in a penalty shootout and advanced to the top 16. This game surprised many people. Losing to a semi-professional team as a traditional strong team in the Super League may be caused by various reasons, but it also made many people know more about the current situation of football in China and look forward to the development of grass-roots football.

The FA Cup is an independent knockout cup outside the football league in China, and it is also the only opportunity for low-level teams and high-level teams to compete together. Jingchuan Wenhui eliminated Beijing Guoan from penalty. Although there were accidental factors, from the process of 2:2 draw in regular time, the strength of the two teams was close, and Jingchuan Wenhui team even got the upper hand slightly. Two goals were remarkable. The players on the field were thunderous, calm and confident, and had a degree of attack and defense. In a game in which the strength is very different and there is no suspense, the audience felt the long-lost charm of competitive football.

Aside from the mobilization, cohesion and team fighting capacity before the game, we can find details that are easily covered up by victory from the voice of the head of Jingchuan Wenhui after the game. Jingchuan Wenhui said that the main reason for winning the game was that the opponent was negligent and could not use foreign aid. He attributed the opponent’s defeat to accidental factors and external uncontrollable rules. Compared with the simple ceremony of "accepting and accepting", he was polite, modest and humble, which was quite the bearing and pattern of Chinese traditional culture. Brutalizing its physique, civilizing its spirit, an unexpected game, let us see the momentum and indomitable feelings of grassroots football.

Football is round. The competitive characteristics and rules of the game make football not only have the integrity, antagonism and appreciation shared by collective ball games, but also have the variability of technical and tactical coordination and the contingency of game results.

"The prime minister must start from the state department, and the fierce generals must be sent to the pawn." According to the results of post-match interviews and data disclosure, there are 152 players in Jingchuan Wenhui Football Club, more than 70 of whom are local doctors, policemen, teachers and other amateurs from all walks of life, and 40% of the players participating in the FA Cup are semi-professional players. Jingchuan Wenhui Club is integrated with Beihai Jichi Club, co-built and shared with Jingchuan County key amateur sports schools, and has a champion team, an U19 echelon, an U17 echelon and an amateur team, which reflects the effectiveness of Jingchuan County Football Association reform. The development of grass-roots football in Jingchuan presents a good trend, which is not only the component of football professionalization reform, but also supported by the three-level training network of competitive sports national system, and the association, sports school and club cooperate and form a joint force. The deepening reform and practice of county-level individual associations, the development of county-level football clubs and the modernization process of amateur sports schools are all key and difficult points in the construction of a strong sports country and the development of grass-roots sports organizations. For the government and an effective market, it may be the internal logic of the wonderful performance of this grassroots counterattack.

If the road is long, the line will come, but it is difficult and more brave. We expect the society to pay more attention and support to grass-roots football, and we expect that the sports lifestyle with football as the carrier can meet the needs of more people for a better life!

Peninsula Sports Ligue 1： Gundogan has received from Manchester City for a longer period of time, and the players have not yet made a decision.

However, when Brazilian roberto firmino came off the bench, the crowd at Anfield exploded. He made his last home appearance for Liverpool after eight seasons full of trophies and scored a dramatic equaliser in the 89th minute.

Liverpool couldn’t find a more dramatic late winner, but klopp said he was satisfied with the result given the position of his team a few weeks ago.

"It’s a draw, it doesn’t matter, it doesn’t matter," klopp said at a news conference.