Cctv newsA few days ago, the press conference on the interpretation of urban management development planning in Beijing during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period announced that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing will study the introduction of compulsory classification of domestic waste in due course.
The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Management Committee said that in the past, garbage classification was mainly based on encouragement, and this is the first time that the concept of compulsory garbage classification has been incorporated into the plan.
According to the development plan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing will focus on "resource recovery, dry and wet separation" and study and promote the compulsory classification of domestic waste in a timely manner. In June this year, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Scheme of Compulsory Garbage Classification System (Draft for Comment), proposing that domestic garbage in key cities will be effectively classified by the end of 2020. In key cities that implement compulsory classification of domestic waste, the coverage rate of classified collection of domestic waste is over 90%, and the recycling rate of domestic waste is over 35%.
China’s municipal solid waste has increased nearly 6 times in 30 years.
The report "Assessment of Urban Domestic Waste Management in China" released in 2015 shows that the amount of urban domestic waste removal in China is large and growing rapidly, from 25.08 million tons in 1979 to 170.81 million tons in 2012, an increase of nearly six times in 30 years.
Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.The population of cities is increasing rapidly, especially in cities like Beijing. There were 7 million people in Beijing 30 years ago, but now there are 23 million people. The result of the rapid increase of urban population is more and more garbage.
Reporter’s observation: the garbage classification based on advocacy has little effect.
In fact, as early as June 2000, eight cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guilin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen, had been identified as national pilot cities for garbage collection. Garbage classification can be said to have been advocated for many years, but is the actual effect obvious?
Since Beijing began a new round of garbage sorting promotion in 2010, the number of garbage sorting pilot communities has been increasing, from 600 in the first year to more than 3,000 now, accounting for more than half of the residential communities in the city. Although the number of pilot communities is increasing greatly, the actual effect of garbage sorting is not obvious. In the interview, the reporter found that few people take the initiative to do garbage sorting.
Cleaning staff: There is still an unconscious difference. Some people pour kitchen waste into the bucket of other garbage, and we have to separate this when we work.
No special person is responsible for clearing and transportation, and resource recovery is not complete.
Judging from the garbage categories in the pilot areas of garbage sorting in many places in China, although there are nominally three categories: kitchen waste, recyclable and other garbage, in fact, there are only two categories that the municipal sanitation department is responsible for sorting, collecting and transporting: kitchen waste and other garbage, that is, "dry and wet sorting".
That is to say, at present, it is only a dummy sorting bucket for recyclable materials, and there is no special person responsible for cleaning and transportation. Basically, garbage sorting is realized by cleaning staff and scavengers who pick up and sell waste products. This makes the recycling rate of materials with low economic value low and the resource recycling incomplete.
Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.When we talk about garbage sorting, we all say that our goal is to reduce the amount and then recycle the resources. However, judging from the practice of promoting garbage sorting in various places in recent years, I think these two goals have basically failed and have not been well realized.
Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.The national circular economy promotion law was promulgated in 2008, which means that we should recycle a lot of resources. So what are the benefits of recycling? We can save a lot of natural resources and leave them for future generations to develop. This is called sustainable development. The first purpose of garbage sorting is to save resources.
Systems and measures need to be promoted simultaneously.
Reasonable garbage classification can not only effectively reduce the cost of garbage disposal, but also play an active role in promoting garbage reduction and recycling.
Experts believe that the compulsory classification of domestic waste proposed by Beijing can make more people pay attention to the problem of waste management and realize their responsibilities. At the same time, supporting laws, regulations, systems and measures need to be promoted simultaneously.
Kitchen waste is the main component of domestic waste.
According to experts, the composition of domestic waste in China is different from that in some developed countries, and its main feature is high content of degradable kitchen waste and high moisture content. Kitchen waste is the main component of domestic waste, accounting for 60-mdash; About 65%.
Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.The water content of these things in kitchen waste is relatively high, and the wet garbage brings many problems to the subsequent treatment. After entering the landfill, there are many perishable things, and there are problems with odor and leachate. After arriving at the incineration plant, because the garbage is wet, the level of secondary pollution control of incineration will have some adverse effects, and the moisture content of garbage should be reduced.
Experts suggest that the main goal of classified collection of domestic garbage at this stage should be to reduce the moisture content of garbage and improve the resource and energy recovery efficiency of the treatment system and the level of secondary pollution control.
Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.: Some simple drainage measures can be taken at the front end. In fact, when the moisture content is reduced, the amount of garbage will be reduced. If it can be reduced by three or four percentage points, the amount of garbage can be reduced to about 10%.
Measures to compulsorily improve all aspects of garbage disposal
Garbage disposal is a complete system. Classified collection, classified transportation, classified treatment and classified utilization must be connected and matched with each other in order to achieve the classification effect. Experts believe that in the initial stage, it is difficult to coordinate the promotion of classified collection with the construction of classified transportation, treatment and facilities.
Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.: It turns out that our garbage is classified. Why? Because we don’t have the means to transport, treat and recycle separately. Therefore, after the residents have worked hard to divide them, they are all dragged away together, which means that the follow-up industrial chain and facilities construction of garbage sorting can’t be done, but later we have this means. With the rapid growth of urban population, the amount of garbage has soared, and the quality of people is uneven. There is neither severe punishment nor attractive benefits. It depends entirely on awareness and the effect is not ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to force classification.
Incorporate compulsory classification of garbage sources into the law
The report "Assessment of Urban Domestic Waste Management in China" suggests that the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste should be revised, and the compulsory classification of waste sources should be incorporated into the law, and the classification objects, classification and delivery methods, reward and punishment measures should be clearly defined in the laws and regulations to ensure the effective implementation of waste classification.
Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.: first of all, start from the unit, and you will be punished if you don’t do well. Then, under the premise of proper guidance, residents should also consider recording bad records, which will affect their future employment, further studies, visas abroad, etc. This is also a compulsory measure.