General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine: The unqualified rate of fireworks and firecrackers in 2017 was 27%

  CCTV News:The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) issued a circular on the special spot check on the quality of fireworks and firecrackers in official website in 2017. The circular said that after inspection, 205 batches of products from 205 enterprises were qualified, and the pass rate of product spot check was 73.0%. 76 batches of products produced by 76 enterprises were unqualified, and the detection rate of unqualified products was 27.0%. The full text is as follows:

  China Quality Supervision Letter [2018] No.33

  Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (market supervision and management department):

  According to the provisions of the Product Quality Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Measures for the Administration of Product Quality Supervision and Spot Check, in 2017, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized a special spot check on the national supervision of fireworks and firecrackers (hereinafter referred to as the special spot check). The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

  I. Basic information

  This time, 281 batches of products produced by 281 enterprises in 6 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) were randomly selected, and 20 items such as component firmness, fuse, fuse firmness, ignition time, main body stability, drug type (chlorate qualitative), dosage, packaging and marking were tested. After inspection, 205 batches of products from 205 enterprises were qualified, and the pass rate of product spot check was 73.0%. 76 batches of products produced by 76 enterprises were unqualified, and the detection rate of unqualified products was 27.0%.

  Second, the main features

  (1) Intensify spot checks.This time, 450 fireworks and firecrackers enterprises were randomly selected, accounting for nearly a quarter of the total number of production enterprises in the country. Due to the shrinking market demand and the requirements of local air pollution prevention and control on the management of fireworks and firecrackers, 169 enterprises failed to draw samples due to reasons such as changing production, stopping production and quitting, and actually 281 batches of products from 281 enterprises were drawn.

  (2) Intensify tracking and spot checks.This spot check tracked 138 production enterprises that failed the special spot check of fireworks and firecrackers in 2016, and 74 samples were actually spot-checked. After inspection, the products produced by 49 enterprises were qualified, and the products produced by 25 enterprises were unqualified for two consecutive years.

  (3) Highlight spot checks on concentrated production areas.Combined with the regional distribution characteristics of fireworks and firecrackers, this time, the products in Hunan and Jiangxi industrial concentration areas were selected. Among them, Hunan Province randomly selected 177 batches of products from 177 production enterprises, accounting for 63.0% of the total batch of products, and the pass rate of random inspection was 72.9%; Jiangxi province randomly selected 78 batches of products from 78 production enterprises, accounting for 27.8% of the total batch of products, and the pass rate of random inspection was 73.1%. The pass rate of spot checks in concentrated production areas is basically the same as the average pass rate of this spot check of 73.0%.

  (four) continue to implement the traceability and confirmation of the sampling process.The whole process of enterprise sampling, sample sealing, on-site inspection and on-site confirmation of inspection results was recorded by synchronous video, and the key links were captured, which realized the traceability and reproducibility of the sampling process and ensured the standardization and fairness of the spot check. At the same time, the production enterprises participated in the sampling witness work all the time, and confirmed the inspection results on the spot, which improved the fairness and efficiency of the sampling work.

  Third, analysis of spot check results

  (A) the pass rate of spot checks has improved significantly, but the overall quality level is not high.

  The pass rate of this special spot check product was 73.0%, an increase of 20.7 percentage points over 2016, of which the pass rate of spot check in Hunan Province was 72.9%, an increase of 10.4 percentage points over 2016; The pass rate of spot checks in Jiangxi Province was 73.1%, an increase of 40.7 percentage points over 2016. The new standard GB 19593-2015, Fireworks and Firecrackers Combination Fireworks, which was implemented on April 1, 2016, imposes stricter requirements on safety items such as ignition time, products and packaging, structure and materials. Over the past year or so, local quality and technical supervision departments have strengthened enterprises’ understanding and enforcement of standards through measures such as publicizing standards and providing technical assistance, which has significantly improved the overall qualified rate of spot checks on products, but the detection rate of unqualified products is still 27.0%, and the overall quality level is still not high.

  (B) Some safety indicators have many problems.

  In this special spot check, 20 items related to safety and quality, such as parts firmness, fuse, fuse firmness, ignition time, main body stability, drug type (chlorate qualitative), dosage, packaging, marking, appearance, discharge performance, firing rate and counting error, were tested.

  After inspection, the main quality problems of unqualified products include 13 unqualified items, such as marks (transport and sales packaging marks), packaging (transport packaging), fuse, fuse firmness, ignition time, structure and material, fixing agent fragments, main body stability, dosage, discharge defects, discharge height of linear incense products, firing rate and counting error. Among them, the safety problems of ignition time, fuse, fuse firmness, structure and material are outstanding.

  First, the ignition time project does not meet the standard requirements.Too short or too long ignition time will increase the safety hazard of the discharger in the discharge process. In this spot check, 29 batches of products failed the project. Among them, 18 batches of firecracker products failed the project, which was less than the minimum ignition time of 3 seconds stipulated in the standard. The main reason was that the enterprise did not install green safety leads or adopted too short green safety leads to reduce the installation time and material cost. Eleven batches of combined fireworks products were unqualified, of which 9 batches were longer than the specified longest ignition time of 8 seconds, and 2 batches were shorter than the specified shortest ignition time of 5 seconds. The unqualified enterprises did not strictly control the length process of the lead.

  Second, the fuse project does not meet the standard requirements.Qualified fuse can ensure that the discharger runs out of the dangerous area before the fireworks and firecrackers detonate. In this spot check, 27 batches of fuse wires were unqualified, including 23 batches of firecrackers, 3 batches of combined fireworks and 1 batch of spray products, mainly because green safety leads were not installed.

  Third, the fuse firmness project does not meet the standard requirements.If the fuse is not installed firmly, it is easy to cause the fuse to fall off, which will cause consumers to ignite the fast fuse of fireworks and firecrackers by mistake and cause accidents. In this spot check, 24 batches of fuse wires were unqualified, including 23 batches of firecrackers and 1 batch of spray products. The main problem was that no corresponding firm bonding or other fixing measures were taken between the green safety lead and the main body.

  Fourth, the structure and material items do not meet the standard requirements.The structure and material of the product is an important technical index to ensure the safety of discharge. If the control is not strict, it is easy to cause dangers such as "scattering", "overturning" and "exploding". There are 18 batches of unqualified items in this spot check. The main problem is that in order to pursue the appearance of the product, a pad is added between the transportation packaging and the sales packaging, and a partition is added between the cylinders; Secondly, in order to reduce the production cost and reduce the paper used for the combined fireworks barrel, the wall thickness of the barrel can not meet the requirements.

  (3) There are shortcomings in the quality of small and micro enterprises.

  The number of small, medium and micro enterprises in this spot check accounted for 30.6%, 64.8% and 4.6% of the total number of enterprises in this spot check, and the qualified rate of product spot check was 88.4%, 69.2% and 23.1% respectively. The qualified rate of small and micro enterprises is lower than the average qualified rate, which shows that there is still a big gap between the product quality level of small and micro enterprises.

  Fourth, the job requirements

  In view of the problems found in this special spot check, the quality and technical supervision departments (market supervision and management departments) of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should conscientiously do a good job in the post-processing work in accordance with the provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Product Quality Law, the Measures for the Administration of Product Quality Supervision and Spot Check, and the Provisions on the Post-processing Work of National Product Quality Supervision and Spot Check for Unqualified Product Manufacturers.

  (a) for the unqualified products in this spot check, the post-processing work should be carried out according to law. If the quality of products found in spot checks does not meet the mandatory national standards, enterprises shall be ordered to stop producing and selling unqualified products according to law and hand them over to relevant departments for destruction or necessary technical treatment in accordance with relevant regulations. The enterprises that randomly check unqualified products twice in a row should be dealt with seriously according to law, and the relevant provincial bureaus should implement the follow-up rectification work for these enterprises one by one to improve the effectiveness of post-treatment of supervision and random inspection.

  (2) In view of the safety items in this spot check, especially those with outstanding quality problems, such as ignition time, fuse, fuse firmness, structure and material, the relevant provincial bureaus, especially those in Hunan and Jiangxi, should strengthen local supervision and inspection, urge production enterprises to improve their production technology, strengthen product quality control and ensure product quality and safety.

  (3) In view of the unqualified situation in the concentrated production areas in this spot check, the Hunan and Jiangxi provincial bureaus should intensify the follow-up supervision and inspection, and at the same time, continue to carry out quality rectification and quality improvement activities for the concentrated production areas to promote the continuous improvement of the product quality level in the concentrated production areas.

  (4) In view of the low pass rate of spot checks of small and micro enterprises, the relevant provinces should organize and carry out quality assistance actions for small and micro enterprises, and promote the improvement of enterprise product quality through such assistance measures as standard publicity, technical assistance and public testing services.

  Attachment: 1. The results of the special spot check on the quality of fireworks and firecrackers in 2017.

  2 product quality national supervision and spot check twice consecutive list of unqualified products enterprises.

  General administration of quality inspection

  January 22, 2018

The 100 most beautiful friends in winter are for you.

Original title: The 100 most beautiful friends in winter, for you.

Click on the picture,studySpring and Autumn Chinese Painting Course!

In all kinds of seasons with the deepest feelings about winter,

There must also be appropriate words to match them!

How about from the following 100 sentences about winter,

Pick out your exclusive winter friend circle copy!

Image from @ Palace Museum

one

Start like spring, continue like summer,Turn into autumn and close into winter. (Feng Jicai)

2

No matter how cold, windy and snowy,Thinking of these, my heart is always warm. (Zhu Ziqing)

three

Winter is solemn and quiet, which makes everyone meditate.Instead of being frivolous. (Jia Pingwa)

four

It turns out that winter rhyme is related to people’s mood.Open your heart, release your mood, and winter is rhyme. (Gan Zhen)

five

The stream firewood is soft and warm,I don’t go out with raccoon slaves. (land tour)

six

Freezing pen and writing new poems are lazy,A cold stove and a good wine are warm. (Li Bai)

seven

The inkstone ice is old in snuff,I still hold my robe for books. (wentong)

eight

The more cold winter is, the fate of winter is coming to an end, and "spring" is already knocking at the door. (Mao Dun)

nine

Life also has winter and summer, childhood is like summer, and adulthood is like winter; Or young as summer, eldest as winter. (Feng Zikai)

10

Although people know that there will be strong winds, snow and ice, it does not reduce the interest; On the contrary, everyone hopes and prepares to enjoy the gossip around the stove in winter, chewing sweet and crisp radish or Sugar-Coated Berry. (Lao She)

11

Whether you like it or not, you must go out into the street to welcome the arrival of winter. (Su Tong)

12

I can only write letters in the snow and write down everything you want to know. Come on, before it’s too late, the letter will melt.(Gu Cheng)

13

There are thousands of books on hakodate, and a ladle of wine is spent. (Xu Hun)

14

Koharu will not be here for many days, and plum blossoms will bloom. (Chou Yuan)

15

I heard that the plum blossoms have blossomed three or two, and I am waiting for you with a seat of tea. (Xue Xiaochan)

16

The sky is dark and smoky, and the famous papers are handed down to celebrate the winter. (Ma Zhen)

17

Day and personnel, every day changes quickly, and then to the winter solstice, after the winter solstice, the day after the warmer, the spring is coming back. (Du Fu)

18

If you don’t feel much for the mountains and rivers, you will be fascinated by the poor wanderer. (land tour)

19

Snow is a big romance, and you are a little person. (anonymous)

20

Every winter, we can really touch the years. (Feng Jicai)

21

If you don’t come, it’s going to snow. (Muxin)

22

I made a snowman in front of your door/on behalf of clumsy me/keeping you waiting. (Gu Cheng)

23

Keep warm with your name. Snow, have big. (Haisang)

24

Keeping the world quiet for a while is one of Xue’s missions. (Yang Limin)

25

A pinch of snow. Souvenirs of the long winter. (Abbas)

26

You can treat me with snow with confidence. (paul celan)

27

As the wind changes, the snow changes. I can’t dream of breaking my hometown, so there is no such sound in my hometown. (Nalan Xingde)

28

We cannot see all the snow that falls in a person’s life. Everyone spends the winter alone in his own life. (Liu Liangcheng)

29

Chai Men smells dogs barking, and the snow returns home at night. (Liu Changqing)

30

Although the mountain road is far away, but I will not refuse your kind invitation; Even if the heavy snow thick, also to visit the snow, and now is the spring, the ice has melted. (Zhang Jiuling)

31

As usual, it is different to have plum blossoms before the window and the moon. (Du Lei)

32

In winter, in the snow, ups and downs, can eat a cup of black tea, I think, is blessed. (Plantago asiatica)

33

With dusk, the snow is impending, what about a cup of wine ? (Bai Juyi)

34

The snow in the south of the Yangtze River and the north of the Yangtze River is long. (Xiang Ziyin)

35

The Miyagi Regiment returned to Yan Guang, where it was smashed into Qiong Fang during the day. (Li He)

36

Arouse a bright moon, shine on me full of ice and snow, and the mighty rivers flow. (Xin Qiji)

37

What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying through the snow. (Su Shi)

38

Fingers are sticking out of the window through the glass/a snowflake has just been measured/the temperature of the Alps/it beats slightly in my palm. (Shu Ting)

39

It’s snowing heavily. In such a deep night, snowflakes should cover the footprints of lovers, the steps they have sat on, the grass they passed by and the tears they left in a street. (Zhang Jiajia)

40

It has just snowed here/it seems that all human love falls to a low place/you sit under the window/the window is suddenly hit by the sun/what a crisp sunshine/it seems like a rare joy in your life. (Huang Lihai)

41

May you have shelter from the wind and rain and a stove to warm you, but most importantly, I wish you love when the snow is falling. (john crowley)

forty-two

In-between the colors of Moon and Snow, You would be the third color rivaled by none. (Yu Guangzhong)

43

There are flowers in spring, moons in autumn, cool breeze in summer and snow in winter. If you don’t mind your own business, it is a good time on earth. (Master Hui Kai)

forty-four

If your eyes are really so cold, there is someone under your eyes.The heart will turn into ice. (Shen Congwen)

45

If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers. (Bai Juyi)

46

Three feet of snow in front of the door makes you gasp. (Zhao Bingwen)

47

I love to sit around the warm fire on winter nights, chat with two or three former friends, and listen to the north wind rustling the doors and windows, while we recall the happy and carefree past years. (Mu Dan)

48

Around the stove, at night.

Meet in an old family,

A small fire is warm, and tea smoke is floating.

Have a long talk, have a clear talk on a cold night,

Look at the faint sinking of the moon, listen to the rustling of snow and falling tiles.

Life comes and goes sometimes, no matter how late at night.

(anonymous)

forty-nine

I am an old acquaintance of Yu and Xue. I am ninety years old. Rain and snow have aged me, and I have aged them. (Chi Zijian)

50

A pinch of snow. Souvenirs of the long winter. (Abbas)

51

Walking and walking, it began to snow. The snow was fine and I was fine. It knocked on your window and I knocked on your door. (Haisang)

fifty-two

The light snow falls on the old eaves, the new stove is hot and aging, and the moon sets on the hills, so the old man angelica sinensis. (anonymous)

53

The earth will not age, and winter is just a quiet dream; It will wake up in the warm spring breeze and make itself young again. (Lu Yao)

54

It should be the immortals who are drunk and crush the white clouds. (Li Bai)

55

I left a lamp. On a snowy night in the city, as long as you come with wine, don’t say Qian Shan, don’t say brief encounter. (anonymous)

fifty-six

Haizi said: When you come face to face, the ice melts and the snow melts. I said: hold your hand and warm the winter together. (anonymous)

57

The family is sitting around, and the lights are amiable. (Wang Zengqi)

58

I often go to bed early in cold weather, not waiting for the sun to gather. (Shi Wenjun)

59

The lotus is old when it is defeated, and the cold light is dim and the grass is fading. (Zhao Changqing)

60

It snows in my world. (Chi Zijian)

61

I want to bring a handful of snow in the cold winter, store it in the next year, and wash your vicissitudes of life. (anonymous)

62

The sky and the clouds and the mountains and the water are white. (Zhang Wei)

63

Snow makes people feel young again. (Yukio Mishima)

64

You are not here, spring, summer, autumn and winter; You are here, spring flowers and autumn fruits, summer cicadas and winter snow. (anonymous)

65

Legend has it that people in the Arctic, because of the freezing weather, turn into ice and snow as soon as they speak, and the other party can’t hear them, so they have to go home and bake slowly to listen … (Lin Qingxuan)

66

If there is no snow in the world, human beings will never be able to synthesize such things out of thin air by existing imagination. (Li Juan)

67

I can only write letters in the snow and write down everything you want to know. Come on, before it’s late, the letter will melt. (Gu Cheng)

sixty-eight

The beauty of time lies in its inevitable passage: spring flowers, autumn moon, summer and winter snow. (San Mao)

sixty-nine

If you are lovelorn and can’t wait until the ice and snow melt, put a torch to burn down the igloo and burn it into another spring. (Lin Qingxuan)

70

What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying through the snow. (Su Shi)

71

Think of the quietest things, such as snow. (truman capote)

seventy-two

Fingers are sticking out of the window through the glass/a snowflake has just been measured/the temperature of the Alps/it beats slightly in my palm. (Shu Ting)

73

Arouse a bright moon, shine on me full of ice and snow, and the mighty rivers flow. (Xin Qiji)

74

If I were a snowflake, dashing in mid-air, I would definitely know my direction-flying, flying, flying,-(Xu Zhimo)

75

Snow and snow reflect each other-tonight is like the Mid-Autumn Festival in December. (Matsuo Bashō)

76

Sometimes it is not necessarily apricot blossoms and spring rains, fallen leaves and flying flowers that make a person’s enthusiasm for life, but the snow falls in Qian Shan and the ancient trees are pale. Only when there is great grief can there be great hope. (Zhu Yong)

77

I can’t help crying: "It’s really snowing …" just like I said "I really love you". (Li Juan)

seventy-eight

See a candle in the wind on a snowy night. Watch the setting sun in the evening sunset. Think of friends far away in the middle of the night when pine nuts fall. I suddenly miss my brother on the highest mountain. In a falling white hair, the favorite face of my life emerges. (Lin Qingxuan)

79

I still like walking at dusk, watching the sunset in the water, watching the fallen leaves in the wind and watching the mountains in the snow. I am not afraid of getting old, because I want the moonlight to blend with my hair when my hair turns white. (Chi Zijian)

80

Time passes through the river of the twelfth lunar month and sails to the end of the year. The year is like the snow in the winter of the earth, which is dense and deep day by day. (Feng Jicai)

81

Inexplicably, I remembered a family photo taken by relatives at home on a snowy day many years ago. (ZhuSelf-cleaning)

82

The so-called determination, we don’t choose other ways to get here, so let’s finish this map together: watch the first snow together, sweep the snow together, hibernate together, and grow old smoothly together … (Lin Wanyu)

83

It’s only in the cold that there is good snow in Fukashi.Miss the stormy wind that night,Snow bristles roared all over the sky.When I wake up in the morning, the frozen window will shine brightly. (Zhu Wei)

84

Recall that when the original expedition, yang liuyi wind blowing in the wind; Now back on the road, the snow is flying everywhere.The road was muddy and hard to walk, and the thirsty and hungry. (The Book of Songs Xiaoya)

eighty-five

The Slender hands were cold, not to mention the cold scissors to cut out the garments.(Li Bai)

86

Coody Leng’s dream is broken, and the cold wind combs his bones. (Meng Jiao)

87

The desert iced over thousand feet and there was a crack, and the sky filled with gloom and gloom. (Cen Can)

88

No bird is flying among those mountains, and no man traces can be seen among those paths. (Liu Zongyuan)

eighty-nine

It’s sad at the end of the year, and it’s snowing. (Tao Yuanming)

90

It was late at night to know that the snow was very large, because from time to time it could hear the sound of the bamboo branches folded. (Bai Juyi)

91

Snow and moon are most suitable, and Mei Xue is clear. (Zhang Xiaoxiang)

92

The cold frost on the door can wake up the bones, and the afterglow on the window is good for reading. (Zijin cream)

93

After the winter solstice, it is called, and after the summer solstice, it is inhaled. The breath of one year old in this world is also. (Huang Ji Jing Shi)

94

The existence of coldness may help you find something warmer. (@ 么么么么么 o)

95

Life should drink a feast, the best in half – drunk and half – awake. The heavy snow in Chang an all over the sky, blocking the passage of the road. (Shu Shu)

96

I’m sorry you didn’t see it, but now the snow is falling from the stars. (truman capote)

97

Everyone knows that no one is worried about me. Tonight, it snows and there are plum blossoms, which is like me. (Jie Jiang)

98

For the snowman, what happened before the hot sun appeared was a trivial matter. For life, if it is something that can be reached by walking constantly, it is a small matter. For memories, if they are forgotten, they can be put down, and they are all small things. (Lin Wanyu)

99

The time series enters the winter, just as people are getting old, slowly approaching, and the daily changes are subtle, which is extremely difficult to detect, and it will eventually become a severe winter. (Alain de Botton)

100

May you have mountains and trees to live in all your life.With the person you love, enjoy flowers in spring and enjoy the cool in summer. Climb mountains in autumn and sweep snow in winter. (@ That Colorful Xiangyun)

What is strong is the power of life, and what is weak is the interest of winter.

Hard is the cold of winter, soft is the warmth of people’s hearts.

This may be the spiritual elegance that we have regained from the winter.

The 100 most beautiful friends in winter,Give it to you-

May time slow down and old friends stay;

May you be safe in the cold and happy in Chang ‘an.

The essence of Chinese studies and the art of life gxjhshys are original, please indicate the reprint.

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Read the original text and taste my ice and snow feelings!

Editor in charge:

Experts, media and netizens have something to say when the new rules for online car rental are introduced.

  News background:

  On the afternoon of July 28th, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry. The "Guidance Opinion" divides taxis into two categories: cruise taxis and reserved taxis. It is the first time that Internet cars are included in the management of reserved taxis, which clarifies the positioning of the taxi industry; At the same time, clarify the legal status of the network car, and support the continuous innovation and standardized development of the network car platform company; Encourage the transformation of traditional taxi companies to provide online car service.

  【Experts talk]

  Zhu Xi: "Network car" is the first in the world in China.

  "The promulgation of the Interim Measures has made China the first country in the world to officially recognize the legalization of Internet private cars." Zhu Wei, deputy director of Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law and expert member of internet society of china Sharing Economic Work Committee, said: Great progress has been made.

  Zhu Wei said: "On a global scale, this is the first ‘ Internet plus & rsquo; It is a good law with epoch-making significance to share economic legislation and laws and regulations to correct the name. " He also specifically mentioned that the New Deal has brought "internet plus Travel" back to the market-oriented mode, such as the market-adjusted price of the network car fare; "Market reward and promotion" is a normal market behavior. Except for being bound by competition law and advertising law, there is no additional requirement, but it cannot disrupt the normal market order by operating at a price below cost. For another example, hitchhiking is a magic weapon to solve urban congestion and reduce the number of vehicles on the road in cities, and there are many mature cases in judicial practice at home and abroad. "The ride is essentially different from the commercial profit of the online car, so it is correct for the New Deal to exclude it." He said.

  Su Kui: The new rules of online car-sharing are a consensus reached in difficult trade-offs and games.

  How to balance the development of network car and fair competition is the most difficult part of the new regulations. How to standardize and not restrict the development of network car? How to develop online car rental and ensure a level playing field for online car rental and taxis.

  For example, 8-year scrapping is to consider that it is unfair to use the network car with less intensity if it is scrapped according to the rental operation for 8 years. It may also push a large number of online car drivers out of the platform.

  Another example is to define the nature of the platform as a transportation service, not an information matchmaker. This is the same as the taxi at a starting line, and the passengers feel the same. In case of safety problems, the platform, as a transportation service provider, needs to bear the responsibility.

  Whether it is the draft for comments issued last year or the new regulations that are finally difficult to introduce, the game and trade-off have always been the most difficult things. "The good news is that we have basically reached a relatively rational consensus." Su Kui said.  

  【Media discussion]

  Taxi and online car will be in their proper places.

  The Guiding Opinions made it clear that the original taxis and online car-rides will achieve "dislocation development" and give full play to their advantages, not only "sitting up" but also "sitting up", so that different travel needs of people at different levels can be met.

  It can be expected that with the implementation and effectiveness of the new policy of online car-sharing, the online car-sharing market will usher in another round of adjustment, the number of online car-sharing and employees will change, the market positioning of online car-sharing will be further revised, and the platform’s management of online car-sharing will also be strengthened. At the same time, bringing online car rental into the taxi industry, setting necessary thresholds, supporting reasonable tax and fee policies, and maintaining market fairness will also effectively promote the balanced development of different levels of taxi services and achieve a win-win situation among online car rental, platforms and consumers. 

  From "incompatible" to "in their proper place", online car-hailing and taxis contain the spirit of reform and innovation, which is representative and typical in the era of "internet plus". Broadly speaking, when we enter the Internet age, the new forms and new formats will pose "conflicts and threats" to traditional related industries, which itself contains the opportunities and challenges of "internet plus". Accelerating the pace of reform and innovation, advancing laws and regulations with the times, and advancing the rule of law in an all-round way are the key to solving problems, and are also the reliable guarantee and core driving force to better adapt to the Internet era.

  The New Deal of Online Car Rental is an example of dealing with the relationship between the market and the government.

  How to define and manage the network car has been tangled in China for several years, which vividly presents the landscape of the deep-water period of reform. In the meantime, the strategy of treating private cars as black cars in local actual management and the tight management signals revealed by relevant central ministries and commissions once made the development of this new format of online car-sharing pessimistic. Now, the promulgation of Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry and Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Service clearly gives the online car a legal status, makes it clear that private cars can engage in online car operation, and requires reducing the taxi "money", which highlights the victory of the market, reaffirms the reform logic of "letting the market play a decisive role in resource allocation" and expresses the value direction of decentralization and sharing the economy.

  The new policy of network car is a model of opening the door legislation

  The formulation process of the new policy of network car is also a model of opening the door legislation. From the beginning of 2014, the online car platform launched a large-scale subsidy, and by 2015, the online car was promoted and operated nationwide, and then by the beginning of 2016, the multi-party game network car new deal. The introduction of a new policy will inevitably involve the interests of many parties. How to balance reform, stability and development has become a subject that policy makers must weigh. In the process of the introduction of the new policy of network car, not only the relevant ministries and commissions have repeatedly investigated, but also Shanghai, Yiwu and other places have actively explored, and various provinces and cities have fully discussed, and the network car platform and taxi companies have their own opinions. The final New Deal has basically become the greatest common denominator of the interests of all parties.

  The network car is just a representative of many new things, but the experience of network car governance has a wide range of demonstration significance. It is not advisable to build a car behind closed doors, and legislation should open the door. Regulators need more keen observation, more extensive research and more calm thinking, and emerging enterprises need more full expression, more careful development and more rational self-discipline. The practice of online car-sharing proves that the government and the market can realize clear boundaries and benign interaction, and both existing and emerging formats can also coordinate development and healthy metabolism.

  Legalization of the network car, good governance needs more good deeds.

  The formulation of documents is only the first step, and the next step is to do a good job in the industry and territorial rules and implement the reform. One of the highlights of this reform is that it is not necessary to "measure the whole country with one ruler". Metropolis has the practice of metropolis, and small counties have small counties. According to the principle of territorial management, all localities are given full autonomy. If the design reform needs the overall epistemological wisdom, then the implementation of the reform needs to reconcile Ding Ding’s methodological art.. The process of document formulation has been discussed by more than 10 departments and more than 100 meetings, taking into account the interests of all parties to the maximum extent. In implementing the reform, all parties should also be carefully deployed and coordinated. It is necessary to have a sense of urgency to get rid of indulging, boldly promote management innovation, and also to have a step-by-step methodology to firmly guard the bottom line of safety and stability. Reform depends not only on the original intention, but also on the effect test.

  【Netizen said]

  @ 軉枹: I haven’t taken a taxi for a long time. I use the internet to get a car. This is the result of market competition. I believe many people are like me. Everything must conform to the laws of the market.

  @ Li Ermao 46054: Making the best use of everything and people’s talents is a necessary condition for social development.

  @ 京京京京: Breaking the monopoly of taxi management and reasonable competition will definitely benefit the people.

  @ Xuanzi 23386: The purpose of the new regulations is to standardize the network car, ensure the rights and interests of passengers and the safety of riding, and also effectively guarantee the quality of service.

Do you want to open ac in winter?

Whether it is necessary to turn on the refrigeration function (AC) of automobile air conditioner in winter is a common problem. First, we need to understand the definition of AC. AC is the refrigeration switch of the automobile air conditioner. After pressing this button, the compressor of the air conditioning system starts to work. However, it should be noted that the compressor of household car air conditioner can only realize the function of cooling or heating, but cannot take care of both functions at the same time. Therefore, when the temperature knob is raised, the AC compressor will only dehumidify without refrigeration. Automobile air conditioner is an air conditioning device installed on the automobile, which can cool, heat, ventilate and purify the air in the carriage, provide a comfortable riding environment, reduce the fatigue intensity of drivers and improve driving safety.

So, do you need to turn on AC in winter? The answer is yes. Although AC is used for refrigeration, when driving in winter, the temperature inside the car may be reduced because of the cold outside. At this time, turning on AC can help dehumidify, keep the humidity in the car appropriate, avoid fogging the glass and improve driving safety. In addition, turning on AC can also help the air circulation in the car, keep the air fresh and reduce the driver’s fatigue.

It is worth noting that when AC is turned on, attention should be paid to the adjustment of the temperature inside the car. Too low a temperature will make people feel cold, and too high a temperature will make people feel uncomfortable. Therefore, the air conditioning temperature should be adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve a comfortable effect. In addition, turning on AC will also increase fuel consumption. Therefore, if it is not needed, AC should be avoided as much as possible to save fuel.

Industrial Consumer Finance: Value Symbiosis, Good and Far-reaching.

Recently, the policy on consumer finance has been continuous, and the development of the industry has attracted much attention. The tide is just the time to sail. As the first consumer finance company controlled by a joint-stock commercial bank in China, Industrial Consumer Finance has always adhered to the concept of the parent bank Industrial Bank, insisting on "lending with sincerity" and practicing Pratt & Whitney, rooting in Bamin and spreading its branches and leaves to all corners of the country.
Up to now, the company’s exhibition area has covered more than 50 major economically developed cities in China, with accumulated loans exceeding 330 billion and accumulated customers exceeding 21 million. The compliance foundation has been continuously built, the service quality and efficiency have been steadily improved, the digitalization level has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the corporate image and brand have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Consumer finance is for the people and promotes development from the perspective of the masses.
If you have a goal in your heart and a direction under your feet, the more you know, the more you will do. At present, China’s financial and economic structure has undergone tremendous changes, from the previous investment to the current consumption-driven. After vicissitudes and changes in the consumer market, consumer finance has emerged from the booming consumer market, and its position in economic development has become increasingly important. Following the Central Economic Work Conference, the General Administration of Financial Supervision once again stressed: "To promote the consolidation and enhancement of the economic recovery, we must accelerate the development of consumer finance."
To be broad and subtle. Small and micro groups are "capillaries" in economic development, so consumer finance should help the economy grow steadily, and in the final analysis, it should take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result. Xingye Consumer Finance has always been committed to improving the consumption power and quality of life of domestic residents and helping the development of the real economy. It adheres to inclusive finance’s initial intention, adheres to the service concept of "standing on credit and lending with sincerity", and features differentiated operations at the grassroots level. It cooperates with each other online and offline, making consumer finance deeper, more detailed and more refined, innovating consumer financial products and services in diversified consumption scenarios, and striving to make development "temperature" and people’s happiness "texture".
Taking serving the new citizens as an example, doing a good job in financial services for the new citizens is a necessary measure to satisfy people’s yearning for a better life and promote the common prosperity of all people. Under the guidance of the Action Plan of Xingye Consumer Finance Co., Ltd. on Serving the Financial Needs of "New Citizens", Xingye Consumer Finance focuses on the new citizen groups, based on the three product systems of "family consumption loan", "talent development plan" and "career development plan", fills the gap, strengthens the position and provides excellent service, and sends the mind to the "doorstep" and the warmth to the "heart". "New citizens generally have financial qualification defects such as insufficient collateral assets and lack of credit information. On the basis of adhering to offline pro-nuclear and pro-visit, we linked online big data portraits, accurately positioned demand, and always paid attention to the practical difficulties of new citizens. By covering diversified and universal consumer financial products such as life consumption, further education and employment, we provided them with pure credit, unsecured installment loan services and exclusive service programs to help new citizens start a better city life." Industrial consumer finance staff said.
A branch and a leaf always care about the situation, and show their responsibility with "value symbiosis"
Seek good and far-reaching, and both righteousness and benefit will last for a long time. Xingye Consumer Finance inherits the parent bank’s genes, and in combination with the requirements of the regulatory authorities, while striving for its own healthy, sustained and steady development, it takes the initiative to assume more social responsibilities, and pays attention to putting back social and humanistic care into the connotation of sustainable development of enterprises through every good deed within its power.
The "Xingcai Plan", which has been launched for three years, is the "sustainable development sample" of Xingye’s consumer finance exploration. The project gives priority to public welfare, and "let every aspiring young person go to school and study hard" is the initial intention of Xingcai Plan. In addition to providing loans for higher education, a total of 1.5 million yuan has been donated for the revitalization of rural talents, which is used to set up the "Xingcai Plan Scholarship and Scholarship". Among them, scholarships have been distributed to 195 college students with financial difficulties, of which rural registered students account for 68.6%; Scholarship funds are specially designed to reward educators who work in rural primary schools and make important contributions to rural revitalization.
In addition to scholarships, Xingye Consumer Finance also relies on the Xingcai Plan to unite with the government and schools to build a public welfare base for the inspirational growth of talents, give full play to the linkage role of the government, society and industry, make use of the existing resource advantages, pay attention to the shaping of students’ inspirational character and the cultivation of correct employment values, help college students become the human resources needed by the market and society, and further broaden and extend the rising channels of graduates, so that it is better to give them a sword than a stick.
Embroider Gankun at the head of the tide, and drive the engine with "digital intelligence technology"
In the era of digital intelligence, the business logic of consumer finance is undergoing fundamental changes, from the competition of capital and price to the competition of ecology and technology, and the role of science and technology is accelerating from supporting and ensuring to leading development. Under this background, Xingye Consumer Finance took the lead in formulating the information technology plan in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and according to the strategic goal of "building a financial technology weapon to enable the company to develop at a high speed and with high quality", it planned a blueprint for digital architecture, covering the whole life-cycle consumer credit service, optimizing financial supply by relying on digital tools, and fully empowering business development and management, and the picture of "Digital Xingye" slowly unfolded.
In promoting high-quality development, Industrial Consumer Finance has broken the geographical limitations of physical outlets with the help of digital technologies such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence, and its service radius and coverage have been greatly expanded; Build automated and standardized risk identification, anti-fraud, post-loan collection and operation systems, and gradually improve operational efficiency; Identify and quickly respond to customers’ personalized service needs, and realize the networking of the whole business process, the automation of loan approval decision-making, and the normalization of 7×24-hour uninterrupted service. In terms of consumer rights protection, Industrial Consumer Finance actively explored the cross-domain cooperation of "digital finance+smart justice", put into operation the blockchain electronic deposit system, realized the data docking between the court case handling and the financial business system, reduced the burden of consumers’ proof, effectively realized data protection and consumer rights protection, and built a more efficient post-loan disposal channel to effectively resolve financial risks. At present, through the blockchain electronic deposit system and the Quanzhou Intermediate People’s Court, the company has realized the electronic deposit of credit in the whole process and cycle, automatically generating and submitting litigation materials in batches with one button, and has handled more than a thousand cases cumulatively, forming a good demonstration effect.
With its strong scientific and technological innovation ability and high service level, Xingye Consumer Finance won the "Tianji Award of Outstanding Consumer Finance Company in 2023" and was selected as the case of "Outstanding Brand Value Consumer Finance Platform in 2023".
Take root down and grow up. In the future, Societe Generale’s consumer finance will actively integrate into and serve the new development pattern, and stride towards high-quality inclusive finance with a more high-spirited attitude.
Disclaimer: This article is for promotional information, and does not represent the views of this website. If there is any violation or you think that the content of this page infringes your rights, please contact us and we will deal with it in time.
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"Green Leaves" Turn into "Golden Leaves" Small Tea Leaves in Yingwu Town, Sinan, incite "Big Industry" to strengthen the village and enrich the people.

There are green mountains everywhere, and the breeze blows the green buds. Although it has entered January, the contiguous tea mountain is still refreshing in the 5G smart tea garden in Zhajiaba Village, Yingwu Town, Sinan County.
In recent years, Sinan County has always adhered to the development orientation of "one main and two auxiliary", and the tea industry, as one of the agricultural industries with "one main and two auxiliary" layout in Sinan County, has reached a certain industrial scale. As one of the "six major districts", Yingwu Town is one of the core areas of Sinan County Tea Park with outstanding regional advantages. Yingwu Town is located in the core area of Sinan County Tea Park, with a total area of 16,459.52 mu of ecological tea planting over the years and an existing preservation area of 14,555.32 mu, involving 23 enterprises and cooperatives and 11 rural collective economic organizations. In November 2017, Sinan County took advantage of the opportunity of poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west (Changshu, Based on its advantages, the town continued to exert its strength, and made great efforts to promote the high-quality development of eco-tea industry, strengthen the brand building of tea products, continue to enlarge and strengthen deep processing, broaden the sales channels of tea products, and take various measures to improve the comprehensive benefits of tea industry.
Concentrate on cohesion and form a "game of chess" for development.. Town-level special classes are commanded by the front and deployed in advance. In accordance with the strategic positioning of "prospering the town with tea and enriching the town with tea", the town-level special class took the initiative to go deep into the tea-related villages, invited special experts in science and technology to strictly control the climate, soil and other indicators, and fully demonstrated the layout of tea gardens, factor protection, interest linkage, production and marketing docking, etc. Village-level special classes take the initiative and pay close attention to implementation. Village-level special classes will decompose the tasks assigned to people, implement the guarantee of village cadres, promote the time sequence to the sky, and compact the responsibility of "two teas" industry development. The broad masses actively participated and their enthusiasm was high. Under the active guidance and arrangement of town and village special classes, resident teams, village branch committees and collective economic organizations, the masses actively participated in industrial planning, land measurement, soil preparation and impurity removal, tea seedling transplanting and management, tea picking and other work, which realized a strong atmosphere in which the masses in tea-related villages rushed to participate in development. Listen to the command from top to bottom and listen to the arrangement from left to right, forming a working pattern of joint management, which provides guidance for promoting the redevelopment and efficiency improvement of the tea industry in the whole town during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.
Constantly explore, cooperate to build a "network" and grasp development. Pay attention to brand building. Strengthen product positioning, packaging and design, display regional characteristics, broaden market sales, increase publicity, and enhance brand influence and brand effect. Relying on Guizhou Pinjie Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Sinan White Tea East China Marketing Center has been built in Changshu, and 12 chain stores have been developed, with a cumulative media advertisement of 1.2 million yuan, which has sponsored cultural and sports activities loved by Changshu citizens, effectively enhancing the popularity and reputation of Sinan White Tea. Strengthen quality supervision. Strengthen tea management and protection, implement standardized planting, picking and processing, and continuously improve product quality. Adhere to innovation and lead. Actively explore the improvement of processing technology by scientific means, introduce the only Biluochun process production line in the province, and improve the intelligent level of each process, so that the product quality will reach a higher level and win the reputation of customers.
Technology empowerment, promoting industry "one line" and promoting development. Relying on Internet technology, Parrot Town built a 5G smart tea garden to promote the development of tea industry. Make full use of modern information technologies such as big data, Internet of Things and mobile internet, vigorously promote the modern tea industry in internet plus, build a tea industry data center, analyze a map of data, and establish a digital tea garden management platform. Using the industry-leading 3S technology, 5G Internet of Things technology, wireless communication technology, and big data technology based on data analysis and data mining, and artificial intelligence technology based on machine vision and deep learning, a smart tea garden control system is built to solve the problems of difficult supervision in the traditional tea planting process, such as fertilization, pest control, tea picking and processing, realize the information management of the whole tea industry chain before, during and after production, effectively "reduce the burden" for tea management and protection, and help the tea industry to achieve rapid economic growth. Relying on the location advantage, we should adhere to the integrated development, focus on building a brand of white tea, further improve the integrated development of tea tourism, create a characteristic business card of "the hometown of white tea", integrate the tea industry into the tourism industry chain, and build a rural leisure ecological tea garden that integrates tourism, tea picking and farmhouse villa.
"People don’t live up to the castle peak, and the castle peak will live up to people." In recent years, the tea industry has become a characteristic industry and an ecological industry for Sinan to broaden people’s income and get rich in mountainous areas. Pieces of tea and tea trees have painted a new picture of Sinan’s industrial prosperity, people’s wealth and ecological beauty, gradually realizing the deep integration of "tea tourism" and paving the way for rural revitalization with broad prospects.
Author: Tian Jie Wenbo Editor: Wang Chun second trial: Long Rong third trial: Chen Hong always on duty: Gou Wenming.
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Foreign Minister of Israel: Whether the international community supports it or not, the Israeli army will continue its war with Hamas.

According to a number of media reports such as British Sky News and Qatar Al Jazeera, Israeli Foreign Minister Cohen said on the 13th that Israel will continue its war with the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) regardless of whether the international community supports it or not.
Sky News mentioned that US President Biden said on the 12th that Israel was "losing" the support of the international community because of its indiscriminate bombing of the Gaza Strip. Qatar Al Jazeera reported that Cohen said on the 13th that it would be a mistake to agree to a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip at this stage. "Whether the international community supports it or not, Israel will continue its war with Hamas". He added that "the ceasefire at this stage is a gift to the terrorist organization Hamas, which will make it come back and threaten Israeli residents".
According to the British "Guardian" report, Cohen also called on the international community to take "effective and positive" actions to protect the global waterway. The report mentioned that the Houthi armed forces in Yemen had previously warned that they would consider ships bound for or associated with Israel as "legitimate targets" in the Red Sea.
According to a number of media reports, such as the Associated Press, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the realization of a humanitarian ceasefire in the Gaza Strip on December 12, and 153 countries voted in favour, 10 countries including Israel voted against it, and 23 countries abstained. The resolution expressed serious concern about the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and the suffering of Palestinian civilians, proposed that Palestinian and Israeli civilians must be protected in accordance with international humanitarian law, demanded an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, immediately and unconditionally released all detainees, and ensured the smooth passage of humanitarian relief.
According to CNN and other media reports, Israeli Permanent Representative to the United Nations Eldin condemned the above-mentioned resolution as "hypocritical" on the 12th, and said that ending the conflict would only benefit Hamas. Hamas welcomed the resolution. Riad Mansour, Permanent Observer of Palestine to the United Nations, said that the UN General Assembly sent a "strong message" and that "today (12th) is of historical significance".
(Source: World Wide Web)
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A hundred years’ experience of football in China 142

Chapter one hundred and forty-two: Robert in his hometown was kicked out by the Brazilian Football Association.

After the 2014 World Cup, the Brazilian Football Association office

"Your hometown Robert, you are fired. What’s the matter with you? Twelve years ago, you performed very well. This year, your performance is so disappointing that you have humiliated our Brazilian football."

"David Genk, how did I lose the face of Brazilian football? I admit that my performance this year is a little poor, but I also led the team to complete the goal of securing four titles."

"I haven’t lost face, and my face has been thrown into the Pacific Ocean by you. I was defeated by Germany 0: 7 and the Netherlands 0: 5. You told me that I didn’t lose face, and I was so angry with you, you know?"

"These two games were accidents. It won’t happen again in the future. Don’t worry, but then again, my contract has expired anyway. It doesn’t matter."

"It doesn’t matter, haha, it’s killing me."

"Chairman Genk, what are you laughing at?"

"I tell you, your coaching career is over, hometown."

"What do you mean, make it clear?"

"I don’t know on other continents, at least in Europe and America, you can’t be the head coach of any national team, including the club team, and your home has been closed, which means you have no place in Brazil."

"What, who gave you the power, you are just the president of the Football Association?"

"President Barkson, he said to let me punish you, but he kicked you out of Brazil so that you could not coach in any team in Europe, America or even the world. I think it is the best punishment for you, Robert."

"What you said is true? I don’t believe it. "

"No, you don’t. Well, I’ll put President Barkson on the phone with you now."

After that, the phone was connected, and Barkson’s voice came: "Robert, leave Brazil now, or the consequences will be unimaginable."

"President Barkson, is it true what President Genk said?"

"Yes, it’s true, and Genk has reported it to me, and I agree with his decision to punish you."

"President Barkson, I didn’t break the law. Why confiscate my property?"

"You are not breaking the law, but it is similar to breaking the law, which is equivalent to breaking the law. Think about it, Brazil is a football kingdom and hosts the World Cup at home. As a result, you led the team to lose 12 goals in the semi-finals and the third and fourth finals, and lost the face of our country. " After that, Buckson hung up the phone.

"Did you hear that? You know, fans are scratching everywhere in China now, and many people have died. Do you think it’s your responsibility?"

"Well, I’ll leave. I’ll go. You’re too hard. As a player, I won the World Cup for my country. You didn’t mention my merits. This time, I did. You did this to me. I’m not reconciled."

"It’s because of your past contributions that your merits and demerits are at the end, or you may have to go to jail according to President Barkson’s meaning, understand?"

Robert slammed the door angrily in his hometown. Later, he found many national teams and clubs that were turned away, and he ran into a wall everywhere. He had no choice but to take a good trip and relax himself, and his chosen destination was China, an ancient oriental country.

Walking on the street in Sioux City, China, Robert of his hometown was ecstatic and shouted, "What a beautiful city. No wonder people say that there is Suzhou and Hangzhou under heaven, so it is really unnecessary to spread his name."

Fashion is not difficult.

Fashion is a gesture,

Soft posture,

Reveal the charming and tranquil atmosphere.

Fashion is a kind of accumulation,

Not deliberately imitating,

But to capture the elements that suit you,

Looking for comfortable and efficient inspiration.

Fashion, in fact, is not difficult,

Easily interpret fashion and romance.


01


Light color, more advanced than dark color.

Bright colors are prone to visual fatigue,

Black is dull and boring,

The superlative one is light color.

Khaki, cream yellow, beige ……

Clean and soft light color,

With a natural delicate attribute,

As warm as the years,

Let’s immerse ourselves in the warm and gentle village.


02


Fashion needs blank space..

The highest beauty is just right,

With blank, color blank, accessories blank,

Simplify the complex, eliminate the redundancy and save the truth.

People who can wear it,

Without too much ornate decoration,

Dress blank, very stylish.


03


Wear along the color, full of advanced feeling.

Color matching makes clothes more concise,

Up and down color, is the entry;

Color matching inside and outside is advanced;

Shoe bags are color-matched, the highest grade.

Compared with the color matching of clothes,

Small-area accessories are more suitable for testing skills.

Such as shoes and bags, buttons and belts,

Or the whole body hardware is the same color,

Easily build a wonderful sense of harmony.


04


There is no inappropriate color matching, only inappropriate dressing.

Color, no boundaries,

The expression of black, white and gray is minimal,

There are countless possibilities for color.

A color that suits you

Wear it in a large area, close to the face,

A dark and uncontrollable color

Dressed with embellishment, worn away from the face,

Nothing is inappropriate, only I can’t wear it.


05


Fabric brings a sense of high quality.

Or smooth and soft, or mottled and rough,

Or folds are regular, or meridians are connected. ……

The texture of clothes comes from the fabric texture.

A designer once said,

Good clothing 80% depends on its material and fabric.

Knowing the fabric is really fashionable.


06


Design is more important than brand.

Not obsessed with logo,

Not simply pursuing the brand,

The value of fashion lies in design.


07


When buying clothes, quality is more than quantity.

Every time before buying clothes,

Think carefully about this dress.

Whether it can be worn often and for a long time.

Buy clothes,

Quality is greater than quantity,

You are not missing a single item,

It is the lack of a sustainable item.


08


Basic, never go wrong.

If you haven’t found your own style for the time being,

Then build a wardrobe from the basic model, and there will be no mistakes.

Fashion is perishable, style is eternal,

Basic dressing is a life-long dressing rule.


09


Accessories can best represent aesthetic preferences.

The same black coat,

Different people can match different effects,

Because there is no blessing of accessories, it can affect temperament.

With 10% accessories,

Can form 90% style.

Your accessories,

It is the embodiment of your aesthetic style.


10


Well-tucked skirts have no worries about fashion.

"don’t dress properly", it’s a fire,

Fashionistas have learned to tuck in skirts.

The top is completely stuffed to test the body.

Half-tucked tops are more versatile.

Or just plug a corner, which is thin and tall.

Lower body with high waist trousers,

Easy to get long legs!


11


White shirt, slightly exposed skin is more sexy.

A white shirt is a fashion alchemist.

100 people can wear 100 kinds of feelings.

If it’s too regular, it’s easy to put on airs.

It’s too exposed and gives people a sense of neither fish nor fowl.

Rolled cuffs,

Spread the neckline of a button,

Slightly exposed skin is just right,

White shirt, it’s sexy to stop talking.


12

A white T-shirt can be worn all year round.

Joker items in fashion,

White T-shirts must be on the list.

Needless to say, spring and summer,

All kinds of collocation can be perfectly controlled.

Don’t forget to wear a white T in autumn and winter.

Wear a small high collar in a white t,

Easily brighten the dull autumn and winter;

Basic sweaters and sweaters are stacked in white T,

More versatile than the white shirt.

White T is a versatile item all year round.


13


The necklace is well chosen and the style is all shaped.

Pearls are elegant and exquisite,

The chain gas field is very strong,

It’s the most fashionable to wear it in pairs.

Nice choice of necklace. It’s really fashionable.


14


Long coats should be worn "open".

Autumn and winter,

I like to go out and wrap a long coat.

Full of security,

However, a long coat is also easy to weigh down and look bloated.

The long coat is open,

Is the simplest solution,

It can also reveal the layering of overlapping,

Kill two birds with one stone.


15


Inside, you should wear it "folded".

It doesn’t fit well inside,

It’s easy to ruin the whole body.

Overlap and mix, not only keep warm,

The layering is also very strong.

Coat+shirt+turtleneck, the highest fashion index,

Coat+sweater +T-shirt, casual and comfortable,

Coat+coat+turtleneck, covering the meat is slim,

It is more fashionable to wear it in winter.


16


"Upper and lower are tight", the highest choice.

Coco Chanel said:

Fashion is architecture, and it is related to proportion.

Fashion is a kind of aesthetics,

Dressing should also have a sense of rhythm.

Upper and lower are tight,

Let you enjoy the fashion,

Even taller.


17


Waist line is more important than height.

As we all know,

Where the waistline is, the waist is there.

In fashion circles, waistline is much more important than height.

Shape a high waistline,

It is the focus of optimizing the proportion of the body.

High-waisted trousers, jackets, belts, waist seals,

These are all sharp tools to wear,

Inadvertently makes you look tall and fashionable.


18


Find inspiration from what others wear.

When there is nothing to wear,

Through street shooting, show, fashion magazines, etc.

Collect your favorite clothes,

Even if you don’t buy new clothes,

You can also get a lot of collocation inspiration.


19


Details enhance the texture.

Beautiful texture,

Sometimes it’s just a delicate detail.

Upturned cuffs, gentle lips, soft hair. ……

People who can wear it,

Perceive beauty from little by little.


20


Fashion is a way of life.

Different attitudes towards life,

Corresponding to the dressing style that suits you.

Fashion, not only clothing, nepotism, pearls and temples,

But also a gentle force,

Shine into life from different dimensions,

Bring excitement to the dull and ordinary days.

Styles are constantly changing,

The tide goes back and forth,

But love a beautiful heart,

Always flash to heal.

What exactly is China’s culture?

Author: Ge Zhaoguang (Professor, Institute of Literature and History, Fudan University)

The topic I am going to talk about today is a very common topic-what is the "China’s" culture? A little special is that I put the words "China’s" in quotation marks, because what I mainly discuss is what can be regarded as China’s culture.

Why do you want to discuss this issue?

As we all know, there have been many discussions about China culture since the late Qing Dynasty, from Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan’s "opening their eyes to see the world" to the May 4th New Culture Movement and the "cultural craze" in the 1980s. Why are we discussing this issue today? This is because I have the following special considerations, first of all, "tell the truth."

First, our past discussions about China culture, or the definition of China culture, are often exaggerated and specious. We have some highly generalized adjectives, but to be honest, you don’t know what he is talking about after listening to it, which is not in line with the habit of a historian. I’m going to tell you something specific today, that is, what can be regarded as "China’s culture".

Second, I also have my concerns. In recent years, many people are keen to talk about China culture, such as "China culture going abroad" and "China culture’s significance in the world". However, when many people talk about "China culture", they will first "narrow it down". As we all know, China is a multi-ethnic country now, but some people have narrowed China culture into Han culture, then narrowed it into Confucian culture in Han nationality, and then narrowed it into Confucian culture that he thinks is orthodox and classic, which makes us misunderstand what China culture is.

Thirdly, I am very worried that when we talk about "China culture", some people have a strange sense of cultural superiority that comes from nowhere. Therefore, under the background of the so-called "rise of China", many people will have an illusion that our China culture is superior to other cultures. Actually, culture is a phenomenon, a feature,There is no high or low culture and no high or low nation.Therefore, we need to know China culture rationally, historically and consciously now, so that we can have an attitude of mutual communication, mutual understanding and equality with various nationalities and cultures.

Five typical characteristics of China culture.

What I want to make clear today is what is a typical China culture. In other words, that is, the characteristics of China culture, what is obvious in China and not obvious in foreign countries, what is in China and not in foreign countries, so that we can call it "China culture". However, I have to make a definition here. The following is mainly about the culture of China, a Han nationality.

The first is reading, writing and thinking through Chinese characters.This is very important. You know, except for a few Dongba characters of Naxi nationality in China, all pictographic characters have basically disappeared in life, and only Chinese characters are still in direct contact with their original pictographs and originality.

Some Chinese characters are pictographic, such as the sun, the moon, the wood, the fire, the water, the hand and the knife, etc. This was called "Wen" in ancient China. In Zhang Taiyan’s view, this is the most basic Chinese character unit "Chuwen". This is the ancient people’s direct description of what he saw through images. However, if these words are not enough, we should add understanding, that is, add some symbols to mark the meaning on some hieroglyphics. For example, adding a little to the blade is the "blade"; Claw on the tree is "picking"; Cattle are locked in a pen, which is "prison" Knowing is still not enough, just add sounds and become pictophonetic characters, such as rivers, pines and cypresses.

The basic Chinese characters are mainly these three categories. Of course, there are six kinds of six books, but these three categories are the main ones. As you can see, these three categories are based on shape. Therefore, speaking, thinking, reading and writing with Chinese characters will bring many features, and there may be some.Emphasis on feeling and association, but the grammar is relatively simple.The characteristics of.

I often cite an example. China people have a natural feeling and association with "writing" and "character". The word "person" in ancient times is a person at first glance. If this person’s mouth is facing the sky, it is a "brother". A brother is not a brother’s brother, but a celebration "wish". A person’s mouth is facing the sky, which means "wish" and "curse". What is a person’s mouth facing forward? It is the "owe" of yawning. But what if this mouth falls back? Since it is "since", it means that you will not eat after eating, so it means "since", that is, it is over. Chinese characters are very interesting, which forms many characteristics of China culture. In short, the use of Chinese characters has brought about the development of calligraphy and the development of poetic temperament, such as antithesis and leveling, which are unique to monosyllabic Chinese characters. In ancient China, Chinese characters, a pictographic-based writing, have never been interrupted in history. It has greatly influenced our thinking, reading and writing, and even affected East Asia, forming the so-called "Chinese character cultural circle".

The second feature is "family, family, country and Confucianism produced in this social structure".This is very influential. When I am in class, especially for foreign students, I have to ask a question, which is, what should Jia Baoyu call Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai and Shi Xiangyun? Foreigners are always confused. They say sister, I say, it’s not that simple. In Chinese, it’s cousin, but it’s still not that simple. Strictly speaking, Lin Daiyu is Jia Baoyu’s aunt cousin, Xue Baochai is Jia Baoyu’s aunt cousin, and Shi Xiangyun is a cousin after two generations.Why is China’s appellation so complicated?

This is because China’s family, clan and clan community, in order to be orderly, must define the relationship between distance and closeness very clearly, which involves China’s ethical principles and hierarchical order. To put it simply, there are actually two principles here. One is "there is a difference between inside and outside". Parents and husband and wife are divided into inside and outside, that is to say, female relatives and male relatives are not the same in rank. For example, uncle, uncle, that’s your father’s party, with the same surname; But, uncle and aunt, that’s the mother party, with different surnames. Therefore, grandparents are outside and grandparents are inside. In ancient China, it was clearly divided.

The second principle is "order from top to bottom". It must be made clear that the top and bottom are equal, and the division is clear and can’t be chaotic. These two principles are most obvious in the mourning system. After a person dies, what clothes to wear at this person’s funeral, on the one hand, shows how close you are to the deceased, on the other hand, connects a big family, an enlarged family and a larger family community through mourning. China’s family, clan and family community are enlarged again, which is the country. Neither country nor state in the west means "home".China has a "country" and a "home country".Because in China’s concept world, the country is an enlarged home, and the home is a reduced country, and the ethics of being orderly up and down and having other things inside and outside are also very strict at the national level. It is on this basis that Confucianism came into being.

Thirdly, a very important feature of China culture of Han nationality is the belief world of "three religions in one".Song Xiaozong, Emperor Yongle and yongzheng emperor all said almost the same thing, that is, "Confucianism governs the world, Buddhism governs the mind and Taoism governs the body". In other words, Confucianism is in charge of social governance, Buddhism is in charge of spiritual cultivation, and Taoism is in charge of physical cultivation. The three religions seem to be quite harmonious. In fact, historically, this truth is very simple. In China, Buddhism and Taoism have no absoluteness and sacredness, so it is difficult to see debates between religions and wars between religions. This is a characteristic of China.

The fourth feature is China’s most interesting Yin-Yang and Five Elements.Forget about Yin and Yang. There are two principles in the Five Elements. One is the mutual generation, the golden water, the aquatic wood, the wood fire, the fire earth, and the native gold, which are the samsara of mutual generation; Jin Kemu, Mu Ke Tu, Tu Ke Shui, Shui Ke Huo, Huo Ke Jin, this is the rotation of Xiang Ke. The second principle is that the five elements can connect everything in series, for example, the five elements can be matched with five parties, southeast, northwest and middle; Can be matched with five colors, blue, white, red, black and yellow; It can be matched with five tones, and the Gong Shang angle is feathered; It can also be served with five flavors, sweet and sour, spicy and salty, and so on. Connecting everything into a big network is the knowledge basis of our ancestors’ understanding of everything in the universe. Now we have studied science and have doubts about this, but in ancient times, this was the most critical basis for our understanding of the world, and on this basis, a whole set of knowledge and technology was produced.

Fifth, China’s concept of the world,In our modern words, China’s ancient world outlook is very different from that of other countries and nations. In ancient China, there was a place where the universe was imagined to be round, that is, the sky was round like a cover and the place was like a chess game. That is, the sky is round, like a hat, and it is like a chess board. Where is the center of the sky? The ancients imagined that in the North Pole. The ancients watched the celestial phenomena at night. In the vision, the sky is turning, but the earth is not. Therefore, "Heaven turns left". When you face north, the sky turns left, and you will feel that there is a place that never moves. This is the North Pole, which is the pole we are talking about now.

Where did the ancients think the center of the earth was? Luoyang is the center of the earth. This is because when this concept was formed, it was probably the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, when Wang was in Luoyang. Luoyang is the most remarkable, especially, on the day of the summer solstice, "there is no shadow under the sun." So,In ancient China, Luoyang was the center.Imagine zooming in and out, this is the shape of the earth, so there is a saying of "nine clothes" or "five clothes". Every five hundred miles, there are five hundred miles on each side, which is a thousand miles, and the "five clothes" is five thousand miles, and the earth is so square.

However, it is very important to form an idea from here, that is, the more people in the center, the higher the level of civilization.The more people on the edge, the lower the level of civilization. This is Na Man, Bei Di, Dong Yi and Xi Rong. China formed the concept of "Hua Yi" very early.That China people are civilized people and the people around them are barbarians, and barbarians have formed a set of "world concept", that is, imagining the world with me as the center. This imagination and concept gradually developed, which not only became a cultural concept in ethnography and geography, but also formed a political system, namely "tribute system".

If these five aspects are combined together, it constitutes a very obvious culture belonging to China, the Han nationality. However, it needs to be emphasized again that modern China is a mixture of five parties, and even the Han nationality itself is a mixture of five parties. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, in fact, foreigners came in constantly, and the Han nationality was gradually absorbed, integrated and mixed with other nationalities.

I have been saying that China culture is plural culture, not singular culture. If you don’t have this idea, you may become blind cultural arrogance.

03 different from the previous cultural transformation

Historically, China has always "changed within the tradition", and the mainstream culture has always been adjusted within the traditional system of Han culture. This is because in ancient China, no culture, whether Buddhism, Sanyi religion, Islam or Catholicism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, can challenge and change this Han China culture. Therefore, the changes are all adjustment, adaptation, reform and change within the tradition. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, China had to "change outside the tradition" and go beyond the tradition, and its culture was facing a crisis.

From 1895 to 1919, this is the most important period of China’s ideological and cultural transformation. During this period, you will see many changes, for example, the emperor became the president, the Manchu empire became the Republic of China with five nationalities, and the traditional empire had to become a modern country; Abolish the imperial examination and set up schools; Opening parliament and establishing political parties; Cut off the braid and put on a dress; Stop bowing and shake hands; Women’s liberation and equality between men and women; Get rid of superstition and advocate science; Untie the bondage and get out of the family. In the past, the so-called "three cardinal guides and five permanent members" have changed and become very thorough and powerful. Facing the western and oriental powers, China people are in an anxious and nervous state of mind. It’s hard to see the self-confidence and stability in the past, and elegance, generosity and calmness are becoming more and more out of date.

Accordingly, the five aspects of the culture of China, the Han nationality, which we just talked about have also changed.

Although most people in China still use Chinese characters, great changes have taken place in modern Chinese.

First, the May 4th New Culture Movement advocated vernacular Chinese. It is undoubtedly very correct to advocate vernacular Chinese, because it is necessary to popularize the literacy rate and improve the cultural level of the people. However, there has also been aNew and old cultural fractureThe problem. The former written language, that is, classical Chinese, represents elegance, courtesy and dignity, and also represents education and culture. Now it is no longer there. When the previous spoken language becomes written language, elegant words and common sayings lose their equal rank, and at the same time, elegance and vulgarity are no longer different. I don’t know if you have this feeling now. Since the vernacular has become the mainstream, there is no longer an elegant way to write letters. With the popularization of computers and the popularity of the Internet, the style of language and culture has disappeared. For example, students write to me without signing their names, and finally they say "Hehe". There is no difference between elegance and vulgarity. Secondly, modern Chinese is mixed with too many modern or western new words. After these words come in, the world we perceive through language has changed. Thirdly, especially after 1950s, China advocated simplified Chinese characters, which widened the distance between the characters and the original image. Although simplified Chinese characters are easy to learn, they are more and more like abstract symbols without the original "shape". In traditional Chinese culture, problems arise through the thinking, writing and expression of images.

Second, there are also problems in family, family, country and Confucianism. Although some traditional families and family organizations are still maintained in modern China, especially in rural areas, China people still attach great importance to family, affection and obedience to their superiors. However, urbanization, small families and population mobility have changed the structural relationship between family, society and country. In the past, the close and interdependent neighborhood, township party and family relations have gradually disappeared in the process of modernization. Therefore,Confucian family ethics and state theory have gradually lost their original social foundation.

The third is to believe in the world. Since the late Qing Dynasty, under the impact of western democratic ideas, Confucianism has gradually been unable to bear the heavy responsibility of political ideology. Under the impact of western scientific ideas, Buddhism and Taoism have been tied down by "breaking superstition" and gradually withdrew from the real world of spirit, knowledge and belief.More and more secularization, institutionalization and tourism.Therefore, the traditional belief world is also in crisis.

The fourth one isyin-yang and five elementsUnder the impact of science, it is becoming more and more difficult to maintain, and it can’t completely explain everything in the world now. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is still preserved in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, geomantic omen, food supplement and so on. In the whole modern knowledge system, it has reached a very marginal place.

The fifth is "from the world to all nations", and the basic concept of the world has changed. After the late Qing Dynasty, the Western Ocean entered the East, which not only destroyed China’s concept of the world and the tributary system, but also redefined the relationship between China and other countries in the world. The world outlook, world outlook, tribute or canonization system in ancient traditions are completely unrealistic.

The above changes show that China culture, especially China culture of Han nationality, has been in an era that needs to be re-recognized, re-understood and re-updated.

What is the difference between "culture" and "civilization"

Today, I have repeatedly stressed that there is no difference between different cultures, only civilization is different in degree. On the basis of such an understanding, we may be able to alleviate the long-term anxiety and tension. I’d like to quote a German scholar iria’s opinion here. In his book The Process of Civilization, he suggested that "culture" and "civilization" can be defined and distinguished, that is, "culture" is something that shows differences between nations, and it always shows a nation’s self and characteristics. Therefore, it has no distinction between high and low. And "civilization" is those things that gradually reduce the differences between different ethnic groups, showing the universal behavior and achievements of human beings. In other words, it is"Culture" makes all ethnic groups different, and "civilization" brings all ethnic groups closer and closer.

Then iria pointed out that "culture" is a kind of personality and spiritual temperament that you don’t have to teach deliberately, but you can get it by hearing it, while "civilization" is often something that you need to learn, so it is always connected with words such as "educated", "knowledgeable" and "regular". It’s like saying that we often play with the ball, which is no problem, but I’m sorry, once you go to the basketball court, you can’t kick it with your feet, and you can’t hold it with your hands (except the goalkeeper) when you go to the football field. Many people have to have rules when playing together.

Although "culture" allows you to express your own characteristics at will, "civilization" gives you some restrictions and rules. If we understand "civilization" and "culture" in this way, we don’t have to be afraid of globalization and modern order, and we don’t have to worry that our culture will be eroded. The question is how to protect our unique culture and tradition in the universal civilization and rules.

Then, I must also explain that,The "culture" of various ethnic groups is often stubborn, and it shows a resistance to heterogeneous "civilization".There is no doubt that civilization is constantly eroding culture, and we admit this, because "civilization" is often advancing, and it always shows the tendency of colonization and expansion. In other words, "culture" is related to tradition, which is special, while "civilization" is related to the future, which is universal. How to coordinate the two?

Today, we are going to talk about the characteristics of China culture of Han nationality, so what we need to consider is,How to preserve special cultures under a universal civilization rule, and at the same time understand the rationality of these cultures in history in the era of modern civilization.

For example, while accepting and praising science, can we have some sympathetic and historical understanding of Yin-Yang and Five Elements? For another example, when we accept the universal laws and systems, can we have a little historical understanding of the ethics and moral standards of the traditional family, family and country in China? For another example, can we also have some warmth towards traditional religions when accepting new civilizations? Similarly, can we not only accept the principle of equality among nations, but also have a little understanding of China people’s historical habits of understanding the world? I personally study history. I have always believed that both culture and civilization must be viewed from the perspective of history. We admit that history is unchangeable. We should look back at culture and look at civilization in the future and have sympathy for both.

Source: History Research Society

Editor: Xu Aixue of Weinan Political Science and Law Network