标签： 广州夜生活论坛

　　A few days ago, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued a notice on doing a good job in the employment of publicly-funded normal university graduates directly under the Ministry of Education in 2020, demanding that all publicly-funded normal university graduates under the Ministry of Education in 2020 be arranged to teach in primary and secondary schools.

　　The "Notice" clarifies that all provincial education administrative departments should give priority to the use of empty editing and receiving methods to ensure that public-funded normal students who meet the employment conditions have jobs and posts, and it is strictly forbidden to "make up for it".

　　All the teaching schools will be implemented.

　　The notice requires that by the end of May 2020, 90% of the publicly-funded normal students will be guaranteed to teach schools through two-way selection. At the end of June, 2020, the public-funded normal students who have not signed a contract will be transferred to the provincial education administrative department where their students are located, and the provincial education administrative departments will make overall arrangements with relevant departments to teach in primary and secondary schools in areas where teachers are in short supply. Before leaving school, all public-funded normal students must implement the teaching school.

　　Strict performance management

　　If the normal students at public expense can’t fulfill the agreement due to special reasons, they must be approved by the provincial education administrative department where the students are located, and return the fees they have enjoyed at public expense, pay liquidated damages, terminate the agreement on normal students’ public education, and reassign them to employment; Those who have been exempted from studying for a master’s degree in part-time education will be disqualified from the training school.

　　Do you know the normal students at public expense?

　　In August 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued a notice forwarding the Measures for the Implementation of Free Education for Normal University Students directly under the Ministry of Education (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.75, hereinafter referred to as the Measures) by the Ministry of Education and other departments, which will take effect as of the date of issuance.

　　The free education for normal students mentioned in the Measures refers to the training and management system implemented by the state for normal undergraduates in six normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education, namely Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University, Northeast Normal University, Central China Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University and Southwest University, with the central government bearing the tuition, accommodation and living allowance during their school days.

　　The service period of public-funded normal students is adjusted to 6 years.

　　The "Measures" stipulate that all free normal students who signed the "Free Education Agreement for Normal Students" before the effective date of these Measures and are performing their duties will be managed in accordance with the policy of publicly funded normal students;

　　The Measures for the Implementation of Free Education for Normal University Students Directly under the Ministry of Education (Trial) issued in 2007 and the Opinions on Perfecting and Promoting Free Education for Normal University Students issued in 2012 were abolished at the same time.

　　Previously, free normal students promised to engage in primary and secondary education for more than ten years after graduation.

　　According to the Implementation Measures of Public Education for Normal University Students Directly under the Ministry of Education, the state-funded normal students enjoy the policy of exemption from tuition fees, accommodation fees and subsidized living expenses, and effectively implement teaching schools and posts for each graduated public-funded normal student through two-way selection.

　　After graduation, normal students at public expense generally return to teach in primary and secondary schools in the province where they came from, and promise to engage in primary and secondary education for more than 6 years. Normal students who work in urban schools at public expense should teach in rural compulsory education schools for at least one year. The state encourages public-funded normal students to teach for a long time and for life.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education believes that the "free education policy for normal students" should be adjusted to the "public education policy for normal students", and the state-funded normal students can enjoy the "two exemptions and one subsidy" for free tuition, accommodation and living expenses, as well as the preferential policies such as arranging employment after graduation and ensuring their entry into the post, thus enhancing the pride of normal students in attending normal schools and becoming teachers after graduation.

　　Further stimulate the sense of mission and honor of normal students as teachers trained at public expense.

　　The person in charge said that adjusting the teaching service period of public-funded normal students to more than six years can just complete the complete teaching cycle of six years in primary school, three years in junior high school or senior high school, and also create more room for development for public-funded normal students, further rejuvenating the "vitality" of the policy.

　　China Youth Daily (ID: zqbcyol finishing: Zhang Xiaosong) comprehensively reported on the website of the Ministry of Education and the official website of Zhongqing Daily.

Cctv newsOn December 8, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Notice on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting the Facilitation of Cross-border Trade and Investment.

In order to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, further promote the facilitation of cross-border trade and investment, and effectively enhance the ability of foreign exchange management to serve the real economy, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has decided to further deepen the reform of foreign exchange management, facilitate market participants to handle cross-border trade and investment business in compliance, and promote high-quality development through high-level opening. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

I. Promoting the facilitation of foreign exchange receipts and payments in trade.

(1) Optimize the foreign exchange management of market procurement trade. Under the market procurement trade, a market entity that entrusts a third party to declare and export foreign exchange in its own name shall meet the following conditions: 1. The market entity engaged in market procurement trade has been filed on the local government’s market procurement trade networking platform. The networking platform of market procurement and trade should be able to collect the whole process information of transaction and export, and provide detailed export data corresponding to enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. 2. The handling bank adopts other necessary technical means, such as docking the system with the market procurement and trade networking platform or logging in through the webpage, to identify the customer’s identity, verify the authenticity of the transaction background, and prevent the repeated use of the transaction information.

(two) relax the processing trade balance net settlement. The bank shall meet the following conditions for the enterprise to handle the fund settlement of the deduction of foreign exchange receipt and payment for incoming materials, that is, the net settlement of the export payment and the imported material payment: 1. After the enterprise purchases the materials from the overseas counterparty and processes them, it will sell the finished products to the same overseas counterparty. 2. Before an enterprise carries out the business of deduction of foreign exchange receipts and payments for counterpart materials, it needs to present relevant materials to the bank for explanation, and the bank will add the logo of "enterprise for counterpart materials deduction" to the main body identification function of the foreign exchange monitoring system for goods trade. 3. The enterprise should arrange the netting period reasonably, and settle accounts receivable and payable in time. In principle, the netting shall be settled at least once every quarter.

Banks should review the authenticity and rationality of their business in accordance with the principle of exhibition industry, handle the deduction of foreign exchange receipts and payments for enterprises identified as "enterprises with corresponding deduction of incoming materials", and declare the actual receipt and payment data and reduction data as required (see Annex 1 for reporting requirements).

(3) Improve the receipt and payment of cross-border trade funds under entrustment. When the agent is really unable to handle the collection and payment of foreign exchange in the trade of goods due to bankruptcy, frozen bank account and other circumstances, the bank can handle the collection and payment of foreign exchange in the trade of goods carefully for the entrusting party according to the principle of exhibition industry after confirming the authenticity and rationality of the income and expenditure, and mark "non-declarer+entrusting party’s collection and payment of foreign exchange +XXX (agent’s name)" in the postscript of the foreign-related income and expenditure declaration transaction.

(4) Facilitating the settlement of foreign exchange funds for operating leasing business of domestic institutions. If a domestic institution (hereinafter referred to as the lessee) uses its own foreign exchange income to pay foreign currency rent for domestic operating leases (including aircraft, ships and large equipment) to a domestic leasing company (hereinafter referred to as the lessor), it shall meet the following conditions: 1. The lessee has a stable source of foreign exchange income and the foreign exchange income has a certain scale; The annual foreign currency rent paid by the lessee shall not be less than the equivalent of USD 100 million in principle, and the expenditure demand is reasonable; The lessee has been included in the high-quality enterprise that facilitates foreign exchange receipts and payments; 2. More than 50% of the lessor’s funds for purchasing the leased property come from foreign currency debt, or foreign currency rent is required for renting the leased property from abroad. In principle, the foreign currency rental income collected by the lessor shall not be used for settlement of foreign exchange (except for domestic tax payment and cancellation of liquidation), which can be used to pay overseas rent, repay foreign currency debts, pay the lease item abroad and other foreign exchange expenditures that meet the requirements of the foreign exchange bureau.

Banks should follow the principle of exhibition industry and handle the transfer of foreign currency rent for domestic business leasing after reviewing the authenticity and rationality of the business. The lessee shall fill in the operating lease contract number and mark the words "foreign currency rental payment" in the postscript column of the transaction such as the Application for Domestic Remittance; The lessor shall fill in the operating lease contract number in the transaction postscript column of the Domestic Income Declaration Form and mark the words "foreign currency rent collection".

Second, expand the capital account facilitation policy

(5) Pilot policies to promote cross-border financing facilitation nationwide. Incorporate technology-based SMEs into the pilot scope of cross-border financing facilitation, and further support the technological innovation of SMEs. High-tech, "specialized and innovative" and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises in Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong (including Qingdao), Hubei, Guangdong (including Shenzhen), Sichuan, Shaanxi, Beijing, Chongqing, Zhejiang (including Ningbo), Anhui, Hunan and Hainan provinces (cities) can independently borrow foreign debts within the equivalent amount of 10 million US dollars. Qualified high-tech, "specialized and innovative" and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises within the jurisdiction of other regions can borrow foreign debts independently within a limit of not more than the equivalent of 5 million US dollars (see Annex 2 for implementation details).

(6) Relax the scale restrictions on the upfront expenses of overseas direct investment (ODI). Cancel the restriction that the cumulative remittance of the upfront expenses of overseas direct investment by domestic enterprises should not exceed the equivalent of US$ 3 million, but the cumulative remittance should not exceed 15% of the total amount of Chinese investment.

(seven) to facilitate the payment and use of equity transfer funds under the domestic reinvestment of foreign-invested enterprises (FDI) and funds raised by overseas listing. Adjust the capital project asset realization account to the capital project settlement account (see Annex 3 for the relevant account integration scheme). Domestic equity transferor (including institutions and individuals) can directly remit the equity transfer consideration funds paid by domestic entities in foreign currency and the foreign exchange funds raised by domestic enterprises listed overseas to the capital account. The funds in the capital account settlement account can be independently used for foreign exchange settlement. The domestic equity transferor may directly transfer the equity transfer consideration funds paid by foreign-invested enterprises with RMB funds from foreign exchange settlement (from direct foreign exchange settlement income or RMB funds in accounts to be paid for foreign exchange settlement) to the RMB account of the domestic equity transferor.

Third, optimize the foreign exchange management of capital projects

(8) Improve the negative list management of capital account income use. Non-financial enterprises’ capital, foreign exchange income under foreign debts and RMB funds obtained from settlement of foreign exchange should follow the principle of truthfulness and self-use, and may not be directly or indirectly used for expenditures prohibited by national laws and regulations; Unless otherwise specified, it shall not be directly or indirectly used for securities investment or other investment and wealth management (except for wealth management products and structured deposits with risk rating not higher than Grade II); It shall not be used to issue loans to non-affiliated enterprises (except for the circumstances where the business scope is clearly permitted and the Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Nansha New Area of Guangzhou of China (Guangdong) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Yangpu Economic Development Zone of China (Hainan) Free Trade Port and Beilun District of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province); It shall not be used to purchase non-self-use residential real estate (except for enterprises engaged in real estate development and leasing).

(9) Cancel the approval for opening foreign debt accounts in different places. Non-financial enterprises with reasonable needs are allowed to open foreign debt accounts in banks other than the foreign exchange branches where they are registered.

Encourage banks to include more high-quality enterprises in the scope of capital account income payment facilitation; According to the actual needs of enterprises, further enrich cross-border investment and financing products and exchange rate risk management products, and optimize business processes; According to the principle of exhibition industry, do a good job of customer coordination, strengthen post-event monitoring by scientific and technological means, and provide more convenient and efficient cross-border fund settlement services for real and compliant cross-border investment and financing; If you find anything suspicious, report it in time. All branches shall strengthen post-event supervision, verification and inspection of the above-mentioned businesses, and guide banks and enterprises to conduct business in compliance.

This notice shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation (of which the seventh item shall be implemented as of June 3, 2024). If the previous provisions are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail. See Annex 4 for the specific amendments. The provincial (city) branches of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange shall, after receiving this notice, promptly forward it to the mainland (city) branches, city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, foreign-funded banks and rural cooperative banks under their jurisdiction.

Frozen avocado, non-frozen orange juice, medicine for treating asthma.
From next year, the import tariffs on these goods will be lowered.

With the approval of the State Council, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission recently issued a notice to adjust the import tariffs of some commodities from January 1, 2020. Which goods’ tariffs have dropped significantly this time? What benefits will this adjustment bring to the people and enterprises? In this regard, the reporter interviewed relevant experts.

Adjusting tariffs in various ways to promote high-quality economic development

The tariff adjustment plan has made great efforts to adjust the tax rate, including MFN tax rate, agreed tax rate, preferential tax rate, provisional tax rate and other adjustments, and many commodity tariffs have been reduced to varying degrees. Experts believe that the balance of import and export structure is an important part of high-quality economic development. Under the situation that China’s export scale has already led the world, improving the scale and quality of imports has become the next step. This tariff adjustment plan will help to improve the domestic consumption structure, reduce the cost of enterprises, and also help to improve China’s opening up level and continuously expand new space for trade development.

According to the plan, first, in terms of MFN tariff rate, China will implement the fifth step of reducing the MFN tariff rate of some information technology products from July 1, 2020 according to the negotiation results of expanding the product range of information technology agreements under the WTO framework.

Second, in terms of provisional tax rate, from January 1, 2020, the provisional import tax rate of 859 commodities will be lower than the most-favored-nation tax rate, an increase of more than 20% compared with the same period last year.

Third, China will continue to implement the agreed tax rate on some commodities originating in 23 countries or regions in 2020. At the same time, we will continue to implement preferential tax rates for the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China and completed the exchange of letters, and adjust the preferential tax rates to apply to countries according to the United Nations list of least developed countries and China’s transitional arrangements.

The provisional tax rate for 859 commodities will better meet people’s living needs.

In this tentative import tax rate adjustment scheme, many commodities are closely related to people’s daily life. Among the 859 commodities that will be subject to the provisional import tax rate, a number of domestic consumer goods with relative shortage or foreign characteristics have been imported, including frozen pork, frozen avocados and non-frozen orange juice, so as to better meet people’s living needs.

If the import tariff rate of frozen pork, which has attracted much attention, is reduced from 12% to 8%, it is mainly considered that appropriately increasing pork imports can effectively alleviate the domestic supply and demand pressure; At the same time, we will continue to implement zero tariffs on miscellaneous meals used for pig feed for 10 tax purposes to help domestic pigs resume production.

The plan has reduced the import tariffs on some fruits and juices, increased the import of many foreign specialty products, and made people’s "vegetable baskets" and "fruit baskets" more diverse. For example, pecan fruit decreased from 24% to 7%, fresh or dried avocado decreased from 25% to 7%, frozen avocado decreased from 30% to 7%, and non-frozen orange juice decreased from 30% to 15%, all of which were greatly reduced.

In order to reduce the drug cost and promote the production of new drugs, the plan implements zero tariff on alkaloid drugs used to treat asthma and raw materials for producing new diabetes drugs to better meet people’s medical and health needs.

Fan Yong, a professor at the School of Finance and Taxation of the Central University of Finance and Economics, pointed out that these adjustment projects have fully targeted the gap between supply and demand in the domestic market and are of great significance for improving people’s livelihood. If the domestic pork price increase is due to the shortage of supply due to the epidemic situation, tariff measures can supplement the supply and stabilize the market price; Due to the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for some fruits with less domestic output has increased, and increasing imports appropriately can better meet the demand; Asthma, diabetes and other diseases are also quite common in China, and tariff adjustment can further reduce the cost of medication and bring benefits to patients.

Tax reduction of 176 information technology products to help enterprises transform and upgrade.

In order to better promote the development of manufacturing enterprises, the import tariffs of advanced technologies, equipment and parts have been adjusted, including adding or reducing the provisional import tariffs for semiconductor testing sorting and braiding machines, high-pressure turbine clearance control valves, hydraulic torque converters and aluminum valve cores for automatic transmissions, ferroniobium, multi-element integrated circuit memories, culture media and other commodities.

Fan Yong said that we can see that most of these raw materials and spare parts are distributed in high-tech industries such as automobiles, communications, integrated circuits, biology, etc. Reducing tariffs through a tentative tax rate can promote enterprise innovation, transformation and upgrading, and further support the development of China’s manufacturing industry and high-tech industries.

According to the plan, starting from July 1, 2020, the provisional tax rates for the import of seven information technology products will be cancelled; At the same time, according to the agreement reached by 24 WTO members, including China, the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea, on expanding the product range of the Information Technology Agreement in December 2015, China has implemented four-step tax reduction for the products expanded by the Information Technology Agreement. This time, China will implement the fifth-step tax reduction on the MFN rate of 176 information technology products on this basis.

Gao Lingyun, a researcher at the Institute of World Economics and Politics of China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that China’s import and export scale of information technology products accounts for a quarter of the world’s total, and it is the world’s largest import and export country of information technology products. Reducing tariffs on information technology products can greatly reduce production costs and improve competitiveness for these enterprises that need to import information technology products. Globally, jointly reducing tariffs on information technology products can not only promote the faster development of information technology, but also be more conducive to world trade and investment and global economic growth.

Reduce the agreed tax rate of some countries and speed up the construction of free trade zone network

According to the free trade agreement or preferential trade arrangement signed between China and relevant countries or regions, China will continue to implement the agreed tax rate on some commodities originating in 23 countries or regions in 2020. Among them, the free trade agreements between China and New Zealand, Peru, Costa Rica, Switzerland, Iceland, Singapore, Australia, South Korea, Georgia, Chile and Pakistan and the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement have been further reduced. In addition, except Equatorial Guinea, the preferential tax rate will continue to be applied to other least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations with China and completed the exchange of letters.

It can be seen that a considerable number of these 23 countries or regions are along the Belt and Road, and reducing tariffs in the form of agreed tax rates will help China and countries and regions along the Belt and Road to strengthen economic and trade cooperation, which is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road, building a high-standard free trade zone network facing the world, and implementing a mutually beneficial and win-win opening strategy.

Qiao Baoyun, Dean of China Institute of Public Finance and Policy of Central University of Finance and Economics, pointed out that these measures reflect China’s efforts in promoting global economic integration and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, which are conducive to reducing import costs, promoting the orderly and free flow of international and domestic factors, and promoting the construction of a new open economic system with a higher level, which can not only promote the improvement of China’s foreign trade structure, but also help China to win-win cooperation with other countries and regions and share development achievements.(Reporter Lu Yuanzhen)