分类： xiyu

Beijing： During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, domestic waste will be classified in a timely and compulsory manner.

　　Cctv newsA few days ago, the press conference on the interpretation of urban management development planning in Beijing during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period announced that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing will study the introduction of compulsory classification of domestic waste in due course.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Management Committee said that in the past, garbage classification was mainly based on encouragement, and this is the first time that the concept of compulsory garbage classification has been incorporated into the plan.

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　　According to the development plan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing will focus on "resource recovery, dry and wet separation" and study and promote the compulsory classification of domestic waste in a timely manner. In June this year, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Scheme of Compulsory Garbage Classification System (Draft for Comment), proposing that domestic garbage in key cities will be effectively classified by the end of 2020. In key cities that implement compulsory classification of domestic waste, the coverage rate of classified collection of domestic waste is over 90%, and the recycling rate of domestic waste is over 35%.

　　China’s municipal solid waste has increased nearly 6 times in 30 years.

　　The report "Assessment of Urban Domestic Waste Management in China" released in 2015 shows that the amount of urban domestic waste removal in China is large and growing rapidly, from 25.08 million tons in 1979 to 170.81 million tons in 2012, an increase of nearly six times in 30 years.

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　　Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.The population of cities is increasing rapidly, especially in cities like Beijing. There were 7 million people in Beijing 30 years ago, but now there are 23 million people. The result of the rapid increase of urban population is more and more garbage.

　　Reporter’s observation: the garbage classification based on advocacy has little effect.

　　In fact, as early as June 2000, eight cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guilin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen, had been identified as national pilot cities for garbage collection. Garbage classification can be said to have been advocated for many years, but is the actual effect obvious?

　　Since Beijing began a new round of garbage sorting promotion in 2010, the number of garbage sorting pilot communities has been increasing, from 600 in the first year to more than 3,000 now, accounting for more than half of the residential communities in the city. Although the number of pilot communities is increasing greatly, the actual effect of garbage sorting is not obvious. In the interview, the reporter found that few people take the initiative to do garbage sorting.

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　　Cleaning staff: There is still an unconscious difference. Some people pour kitchen waste into the bucket of other garbage, and we have to separate this when we work.

　　No special person is responsible for clearing and transportation, and resource recovery is not complete.

　　Judging from the garbage categories in the pilot areas of garbage sorting in many places in China, although there are nominally three categories: kitchen waste, recyclable and other garbage, in fact, there are only two categories that the municipal sanitation department is responsible for sorting, collecting and transporting: kitchen waste and other garbage, that is, "dry and wet sorting".

　　That is to say, at present, it is only a dummy sorting bucket for recyclable materials, and there is no special person responsible for cleaning and transportation. Basically, garbage sorting is realized by cleaning staff and scavengers who pick up and sell waste products. This makes the recycling rate of materials with low economic value low and the resource recycling incomplete.

　　Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.When we talk about garbage sorting, we all say that our goal is to reduce the amount and then recycle the resources. However, judging from the practice of promoting garbage sorting in various places in recent years, I think these two goals have basically failed and have not been well realized.

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　　Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.The national circular economy promotion law was promulgated in 2008, which means that we should recycle a lot of resources. So what are the benefits of recycling? We can save a lot of natural resources and leave them for future generations to develop. This is called sustainable development. The first purpose of garbage sorting is to save resources.

　　Systems and measures need to be promoted simultaneously.

　　Reasonable garbage classification can not only effectively reduce the cost of garbage disposal, but also play an active role in promoting garbage reduction and recycling.

　　Experts believe that the compulsory classification of domestic waste proposed by Beijing can make more people pay attention to the problem of waste management and realize their responsibilities. At the same time, supporting laws, regulations, systems and measures need to be promoted simultaneously.

　　Kitchen waste is the main component of domestic waste.

　　According to experts, the composition of domestic waste in China is different from that in some developed countries, and its main feature is high content of degradable kitchen waste and high moisture content. Kitchen waste is the main component of domestic waste, accounting for 60-mdash; About 65%.

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　　Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.The water content of these things in kitchen waste is relatively high, and the wet garbage brings many problems to the subsequent treatment. After entering the landfill, there are many perishable things, and there are problems with odor and leachate. After arriving at the incineration plant, because the garbage is wet, the level of secondary pollution control of incineration will have some adverse effects, and the moisture content of garbage should be reduced.

　　Experts suggest that the main goal of classified collection of domestic garbage at this stage should be to reduce the moisture content of garbage and improve the resource and energy recovery efficiency of the treatment system and the level of secondary pollution control.

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　　Professor Liu Jianguo of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment.: Some simple drainage measures can be taken at the front end. In fact, when the moisture content is reduced, the amount of garbage will be reduced. If it can be reduced by three or four percentage points, the amount of garbage can be reduced to about 10%.

　　Measures to compulsorily improve all aspects of garbage disposal

　　Garbage disposal is a complete system. Classified collection, classified transportation, classified treatment and classified utilization must be connected and matched with each other in order to achieve the classification effect. Experts believe that in the initial stage, it is difficult to coordinate the promotion of classified collection with the construction of classified transportation, treatment and facilities.

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　　Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.: It turns out that our garbage is classified. Why? Because we don’t have the means to transport, treat and recycle separately. Therefore, after the residents have worked hard to divide them, they are all dragged away together, which means that the follow-up industrial chain and facilities construction of garbage sorting can’t be done, but later we have this means. With the rapid growth of urban population, the amount of garbage has soared, and the quality of people is uneven. There is neither severe punishment nor attractive benefits. It depends entirely on awareness and the effect is not ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to force classification.

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　　Incorporate compulsory classification of garbage sources into the law

　　The report "Assessment of Urban Domestic Waste Management in China" suggests that the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste should be revised, and the compulsory classification of waste sources should be incorporated into the law, and the classification objects, classification and delivery methods, reward and punishment measures should be clearly defined in the laws and regulations to ensure the effective implementation of waste classification.

　　Wang Weiping, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing Urban Management Committee.: first of all, start from the unit, and you will be punished if you don’t do well. Then, under the premise of proper guidance, residents should also consider recording bad records, which will affect their future employment, further studies, visas abroad, etc. This is also a compulsory measure.

30,000 tons of garbage was thrown behind the Yangtze River： illegal dumping of criminal chains for profiteering.

　　Why 30,000 tons of garbage was thrown into the Yangtze River?

　　— — Investigation on "Dumping Case in the Yangtze River Estuary"

　　Taicang section of the Yangtze River, the river is wide, the river is mighty, and ships come and go like a shuttle. The rushing river washed a small amount of floating garbage to the shore. This season, compared with the peak period in summer, the river surface looks clean. But a year ago, on December 13th, 2016, the Taicang section of the Yangtze River was covered with garbage.

　　Where does the garbage come from? Why was it thrown into the Yangtze River? A year later, the relevant procuratorial organs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang successively prosecuted this illegal dumping case of domestic garbage, and a criminal chain of taking domestic garbage as a "resource" and taking garbage disposal fees for profiteering was also uncovered.

　　Recently, the reporter of Economic Information Daily conducted an in-depth investigation on the criminal chain of illegal dumping of garbage in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and found that there are serious loopholes in the supervision of domestic garbage disposal, such as fraud in bidding, fraud in receiving disposal certificates, and subcontracting of garbage at different levels. Under the background of "garbage besieged city", these problems exposed by the case have important warning significance for other cities in China.

　　About 30,000 tons of garbage were thrown into the Yangtze River.

　　Harmful substances exceed the standard by 30 thousand times

　　"I have never seen so much rubbish, red, black and white … … All kinds of discarded plastic bags and plastic bottles rise and fall with Jiang Tao, and some medical wastes are mixed in between. The bank slope is also covered with garbage washed up by the river, which is many times more than the daily garbage. " After a year, Xu Yihui, the captain of the Second Sea Patrol Law Enforcement Brigade of Taicang Maritime Safety Administration, still remembers it.

　　In the deep winter festival, the amount of garbage floating on the river has increased abnormally in recent days, which has aroused Xu Yihui’s vigilance. After the situation was reported, Taicang Maritime Safety Administration suspected that there were ships illegally dumping garbage, so it secretly deployed to search for suspicious ships.

　　On the morning of December 18, 2016, Qin Liyong, supervisor of the Second Sea Patrol Law Enforcement Brigade of Taicang Maritime Safety Administration, and his colleagues found two ships being washed at the mouth of Yanglin River. "This is not an anchorage. It is reasonable that these two ships should not anchor here." Qin Liyong recalled, "We approached the inspection, smelled rancid, and found that it was actually a suspicious ship littering."

　　Subsequently, Taicang Police Station of Suzhou Branch of Changjiang Shipping Public Security Bureau took over the case. After the trial, the owners of the two ships confessed that the night before, they sailed the ship to the middle of the river, turned off all the electronic equipment and lights on board, and threw about 2,000 tons of garbage from the two ships into the Yangtze River by floating cranes in the dark.

　　The arrest of two ships has torn a corner of the criminal chain of illegal dumping of garbage. Subsequently, the police in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai cooperated and the people involved were arrested one by one. The source of garbage has also been identified, mainly from Haiyan and Haining in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Up to now, the prosecution in Jiangsu has approved the arrest of 9 people and the prosecution in Jiaxing, Zhejiang has approved the arrest of 25 people.

　　According to the indictment of Haining City Procuratorate, in Haining City, from November to December, 2016, 14 ships with a total of more than 9,700 tons of domestic garbage were transported from the local Pengdun Wharf. These garbage were eventually thrown directly into Nantong section and Taicang section of the Yangtze River by the suspects involved. In Haiyan County, from August to December, 2016, 26 ships with a total of about 20,000 tons of domestic garbage were transported from the local Huangqiao Wharf, and these domestic garbage were also directly thrown into the Nantong section and Taicang section of the Yangtze River.

　　"This is only a well-documented amount, and the actual garbage thrown into the river may be far more than this." Han Lijia, deputy section chief of the Public Prosecution Section of Changshu People’s Procuratorate, said. According to the relevant jurisdiction regulations, in Jiangsu, this case was finally handed over to Changshu People’s Procuratorate for public prosecution, and Han Lijia was the prosecutor in charge of this case. He also told the Economic Information Daily that about 15,000 tons of domestic waste from sea salt was transported to Huzhou, Anhui and other places in Zhejiang for illegal landfill.

　　Although these garbage came from Haiyan and Haining, they were subcontracted by different companies and transported by different ships, but in the end they were all thrown into the Yangtze River by Shamou gang at the end of the criminal chain. According to the investigation by the police in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, ships transporting garbage usually go to the river by night, and then turn off various electronic equipment and lighting facilities such as ship navigation to escape the supervision of government departments. At the same time, arrange floating crane boats to be near for lifting and unloading operations, and arrange people to drive speedboats to keep the wind or ferry and pilot nearby. After the lifting and unloading operation is completed, the pump ship will be arranged to clean the transport ship.

　　According to Han Lijia, after testing by third-party environmental protection agencies, these illegally spilled and landfilled wastes contain toxic and harmful substances, among which the volatile phenol in domestic garbage from sea salt exceeds the standard by 80 times to 32,200 times. In Taicang section of the Yangtze River, two centralized drinking water sources in Taicang City were forced to stop taking water for more than 48 hours and 55 hours, respectively, because the dumping site was located in the upper reaches of the drinking water source protection zone.

　　"So much garbage floating on the river not only affects the water quality of the Yangtze River, but also threatens the safety of sailing. If garbage is involved in the propeller, the ship will suddenly break down in the river, which will easily lead to safety accidents such as collision. " Xu Yihui said.

　　The reporter of the Economic Information Daily also learned that after the case, in order to prevent pollution from expanding and eliminate pollution, the Taicang Municipal Government and the relevant departments of the Chongming District Government of Shanghai salvaged the garbage thrown into the river. Although the amount that can be salvaged is very limited, the cost incurred is as high as more than 12 million yuan.

　　The qualification certificate is completely false.

　　Subcontracting at different levels for profiteering

　　"Jianghai Power Plant" is a code word used by criminal suspects. It is said that the garbage is transported to the "Jianghai Power Plant", and the suspects get the message and understand that the garbage is thrown into the river.

　　"Although these suspects have their own division of labor, they don’t necessarily know each other, and the ownership of ships and floating cranes is not the same, in essence, they have formed a criminal chain of illegal dumping of garbage, turning garbage into profiteering ‘ Resources ’ 。” Han Lijia said.

　　Analysis of this case, the relevant prosecutors and public security police believe that this case is very typical, from bidding to garbage disposal fee collection, subcontracting at different levels, and fraud at different levels, a series of regulatory measures have been broken, highlighting the serious loopholes in garbage disposal supervision.

　　First of all, there is suspicion of fraud in bidding. According to a survey conducted by Suzhou Branch of Changjiang Shipping Public Security Bureau, in late April 2016, Zhejiang Tongxiang Tianshun Garbage Removal Service Co., Ltd. won a one-year domestic garbage transportation and disposal business in Haiyan County through bidding, and both parties signed the Domestic Garbage Entrusted Disposal Agreement. According to the agreement, Tianshun Company will transport the domestic garbage from Haiyan County to the regular incineration plant for disposal, and the garbage disposal cost is 277 yuan/ton.

　　"This agreement is very puzzling." Han Lijia said that Tianshun Company has no disposal capacity, only transportation capacity, but signed a "disposal agreement" and there is no so-called "regular incineration plant" to receive garbage. In addition, inter-provincial disposal of garbage must be approved by the provincial environmental protection departments of the exporting and importing places. Tianshun company has not been approved, why can it still get the right to dispose of garbage?

　　Followed by garbage subcontracting. According to a survey conducted by Changhang Public Security Suzhou Branch, from August to December 2016, Tianshun Company subcontracted domestic garbage to these middlemen for disposal knowing that the suspect Zhang and others were not qualified for domestic garbage disposal. These middlemen looked for people separately, and eventually dumped about tens of thousands of tons of garbage into the Yangtze River or buried it in the barren land along the river bank.

　　Han Lijia introduced that the garbage disposal fee given by Haiyan Environmental Sanitation Center is 277 yuan/ton; After Tianshun Company took over, the disposal fee for the middleman was 170 yuan-190 yuan/ton, and the profit per ton was close to 100 yuan; The middleman’s disposal fee for the dumping gang is less than that of 100 yuan, and the profit from re-exploitation is tens of yuan per ton. The cost of regular waste incineration or landfill treatment is about 160 yuan/ton. After subcontracting, these wastes can only be dumped illegally.

　　The procuratorate of Haining also alleged that from November to December, 2016, the relevant person in charge of Tongxiang Chuangjie Environmental Sanitation Equipment Co., Ltd., which obtained the domestic waste diversion and outward disposal business in Haining, in order to jointly seek illegal benefits, knowing that Zhu and Cheng were not qualified for domestic waste disposal, and Zhu even had a past history of illegal garbage disposal, they still handed over the garbage to these middlemen for disposal. After subcontracting, the garbage was finally dumped by Shamou to Nantong Section and Taicang Section of the Yangtze River.

　　Once again, the garbage receipt certificate is fraudulent. According to the regulations, whether it is bidding for garbage disposal or receiving the garbage disposal fee after garbage disposal, the garbage incineration or landfill unit must issue the acceptance certificate. However, Changhang Public Security went to Wuhu, Anhui and other related waste incineration power generation companies to investigate and found that the certificate provided by Tianshun Company was forged.

　　"The relevant waste incineration power generation companies have not only issued similar certificates, but have never even heard of Tianshun Company." Ding Haiping, director of Taicang Police Station of Suzhou Branch of Yangtze River Shipping Public Security Bureau, said, "After being appraised by a professional organization, the official seal on the certificate is false."

　　According to the indictment of Haining City Procuratorate, at the end of November and mid-December, 2016, the relevant person in charge of Chuangjie Company handed over 18 receiving confirmation forms and 1 certificate of authorization for domestic waste disposal in Haining City to the middlemen Zhu Mou and Cheng Mou, and asked them to stamp the relevant companies. Later, Zhu Mou and Cheng Mou forged the official seals of the relevant companies to stamp them. Later, Chuangjie Company used these fake documents to settle the garbage disposal fee with Haining Environmental Sanitation Department, totaling about 3.35 million yuan.

　　"Whether in the bidding process or in the collection of domestic waste disposal fees, as long as the environmental sanitation departments in the relevant areas strictly review, even if they just call the garbage receiving and disposal unit to ask, they can find that these garbage have not been transported to the place where they should be transported. Can avoid the occurrence of cases. Regrettably, the relevant regulatory authorities have not done so. " In Jiangsu, the prosecutor and police interviewed said. They believe that through subcontracting and fraud, criminal suspects can easily defraud garbage disposal fees, which shows that there are serious loopholes in the supervision of domestic garbage transportation and disposal.

　　Weak processing capacity is a curse.

　　Weak supervision needs to be upgraded.

　　In recent years, illegal dumping of garbage across provinces has occurred frequently, and Jiangsu alone has encountered many cases, such as the dumping of garbage in Huishan District and Xishan District of Wuxi City, the dumping of garbage in Xishan Island of Taihu Lake in Suzhou City, and the dumping of garbage in Xuzhou section of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.

　　Compared with these cases, the relevant case handlers said that the "dumping case in the Yangtze River estuary" had a particularly bad impact. First, tens of thousands of tons of domestic garbage were dumped in this case, and the number was staggering; Second, the dumping site is special. Most of the other cases were dumped on the banks of the river, but this case was dumped on the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River is the most important and busiest river in China, and it is also the drinking water source of many cities along the Yangtze River. The dumping of garbage into the river not only affects the safety of sailing, but also causes pollution, and it is difficult to salvage it after the incident.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress clearly stated that it is necessary to "strengthen solid waste and garbage disposal". Relevant researchers and investigators believe that in-depth analysis of this case is of great warning significance for strengthening the disposal of domestic garbage.

　　Through this case, Han Lijia and Ding Haiping believe that the root cause of this case is that the garbage disposal capacity of the garbage outflow area is weak. Taking Haiyan County as an example, they went to Haiyan County to investigate and found that the capacity of the landfill in this county is extremely limited, and about 15,000 tons of domestic garbage are mainly transported abroad every month. This laid a curse for the case.

　　Song Guojun, a professor in the Department of Environmental Economics and Management, School of Environment, Renmin University of China, has long studied the disposal of urban and rural domestic waste. He said that the frequent illegal dumping of domestic garbage is closely related to the lack of urban garbage disposal capacity. At present, not only the capacity of garbage disposal in some fast-growing cities in China is stretched, but also the disposal of domestic garbage in a considerable number of counties and towns below the county level is facing difficulties. In some places, as long as the garbage can be transported out, how to deal with it later is often ignored.

　　Learn from a painful experience. After the case occurred, Jiaxing City also made it clear that it would improve its domestic waste disposal capacity as soon as possible, and the technical transformation and expansion projects of waste incineration plants at the city level, Jiashan and Haining Heping Lake strived to start construction within the year; Haiyan county will accelerate the construction of waste incineration plant while completing the construction of emergency landfill. In addition, it will accelerate the reduction and classification of domestic waste and the construction and expansion of kitchen waste treatment plants in counties and cities under its jurisdiction.

　　Song Guojun also suggested that "addition and subtraction" should be carried out at the same time to improve the garbage disposal capacity. On the one hand, it is necessary to increase investment and improve the capacity of urban garbage disposal; On the other hand, efforts should be made to do a good job in garbage classification. Through garbage classification, a large number of recyclable garbage will be reused, turning waste into treasure, and then the amount of garbage that needs to be disposed of will be reduced.

　　After analyzing the case, the relevant case handlers also believe that the existence of regulatory loopholes shows that the regulatory means need to be upgraded. Han Lijia said that the sanitation department can’t just hand over the garbage, let alone turn a blind eye to fraud, but should continue to pay attention to where the garbage has been transported and whether it has been properly disposed of. Judging from the problems exposed in this case, it is urgent to upgrade the supervision means, and it is necessary to use modern information technology, such as Internet of Things technology, to establish a tracking system for the whole process of storage, transportation and treatment of domestic garbage.

　　In addition, relevant researchers believe that to strengthen the disposal of domestic waste, not only the supervision means should be upgraded, but also the supervision system should be reformed. Some scholars believe that the environmental protection department should actively intervene in the supervision of domestic waste disposal, and the urban construction department should not be responsible for both disposal and supervision. At present, whether the cost of domestic waste landfill and incineration is "confused" or the supervision is a mere formality, it is related to a department’s "monopoly" on waste disposal and supervision.

　　After the case occurred, Jiaxing also took a series of measures to strengthen closed-loop supervision, and issued the Emergency Notice on Establishing and Perfecting the Joint List System of Domestic Waste Collection and Transportation Office in Jiaxing, which fully implemented the joint list management system in the collection, transportation and treatment of domestic waste in the city, and strictly controlled the entry of clearing enterprises, and implemented the "one-vote veto" system for the false information submission of garbage clearing enterprises, and required the competent departments of counties (cities) to review and check the disposal sites for outbound transportation one by one.

　　"It’s never too late to mend." Relevant investigators and researchers believe that at present, illegal dumping of garbage across provinces has occurred in many places. An in-depth analysis of these cases is also of warning significance to other similar areas that need to transport garbage abroad, and can also draw lessons and experiences from them. (Zhu Guoliang, Chen Xiaobo)

The experience gained by 5 billion people in the first half of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 will definitely be used next time.

Spring Festival travel rush has entered the second half of 2024. According to the data released by the Ministry of Transport, as of February 16th, there were 5.092 billion people moving in Spring Festival travel rush in the first 22 days this year.

What is the concept of this number? According to the statistics of the Ministry of Transport, in 2023, in 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, there were 4.733 billion people moving across the country, which has been the highest in the past. Looking further ahead, from 2015 to 2020, during the period of Spring Festival travel rush, there will be about 3 billion people moving around the country.

This year, it took only 22 days for Spring Festival travel rush to surpass previous years in an all-round way. According to the forecast of the Ministry of Transport, when all 40 days have passed, it is estimated that there will be 9 billion people moving across the country, more than the global population of 8 billion.

There are many changes behind the amazing figures, including joy and reflection.

Source: Ministry of Transport

First, the hidden economic vitality in the figures

In the first 22 days of this year in Spring Festival travel rush, the national railways have sent nearly 261 million passengers, an increase of 24.59% compared with the same period in 2019.

With the improvement of people’s income and the development of China railway network, more and more people choose to travel by rail.

According to the information released by China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd., by the end of 2023, the operating mileage of China railway reached 159,000 kilometers, including 45,000 kilometers of high-speed rail. In 2023, 3,637 kilometers of new railway lines were put into operation in China, including 2,776 kilometers of high-speed rail, and the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail network became more and more dense. In particular, a number of new lines and stations such as Guinan High-speed Railway, Lixiang Railway and Chuanqing Railway in the western region have been put into operation, and people in some remote and ethnic areas can finally go home for the New Year by train.

In terms of civil aviation, in the first 22 days of this year in Spring Festival travel rush, the national civil aviation sent 46.792 million passengers, an increase of 18.65% compared with the same period in 2019.

In 2023, civil aviation accelerated its recovery, and the aviation companies of the three central enterprises greatly reduced their losses, and some private aviation companies have made profits.

According to the data released by the Civil Aviation Administration, during the Spring Festival holiday this year, 137,000 flights were guaranteed nationwide, an increase of 4.9% over 2019. Among them, the daily average number of domestic passengers is 14,138, an increase of 17.7% compared with 2019.

The biggest structural change in Spring Festival travel rush this year comes from road transportation. According to the previous forecast data, among the 9 billion passengers, there are about 7.2 billion passengers traveling on expressways and ordinary national and provincial trunk lines, accounting for 80% of the total personnel flow.

The data of the first 22 days in Spring Festival travel rush this year also showed that the number of non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial trunk lines was about 4.199 billion, an increase of 33.3% compared with the same period in 2019.

In the data, "non-operating passenger cars on expressways and ordinary national and provincial trunk lines" actually refer to private cars. More and more people own private cars, which is a reflection of economic development. According to the data, in 2023, the automobile industry in China officially entered a new era of production and sales of 30 million vehicles, and the number of motor vehicles in China reached 435 million.

On the whole, the flow of people will produce consumption and economic cycle. The flow of 9 billion people has undoubtedly injected a strong impetus into China’s new year tourism market and consumer market.

Second, is it inevitable that the bus will accelerate its "demise"?

According to the statistics released by the Ministry of Transport, the waterway passenger traffic and the highway commercial passenger traffic showed a "cliff-like" downward trend, which was basically "folded in half" compared with 2019.

The slow speed of water transportation is understandable to be replaced by other modes of transportation, but the commercial passenger flow on the highway mainly refers to passengers who take buses. The theoretical speed of buses is not much slower than that of private cars. Why is it falling so fast?

In this regard, many passengers who have taken the bus said that the main reason is that the bus is "dirty, chaotic, poor and bumpy".

Another reason is that after the epidemic, passengers pay more attention to privacy, and private cars are obviously better than buses in this respect.

However, considering the rapid growth of railways and civil aviation as public transportation, the second reason may not be as "fatal" as the first one.

As can be seen from the data, the base of bus passenger flow is not small, which is more than that of civil aviation and railway passenger flow combined.

Buses are accelerating "extinction", and these passengers can only flow to railways and civil aviation, or become private cars several times.

At present, railways, civil aviation and highways can’t undertake this batch of passenger flow well. During the Spring Festival travel rush this year, private cars on the road blocked the road into "pig liver red"; Air tickets and train tickets are difficult to buy, and all kinds of "second light"; Many people buy short rides when they can’t buy tickets, and stand all the way home, which makes the china railway high-speed train as crowded as the subway during the rush hour, so that it is difficult to breathe. It even takes an hour for the flight attendants to cross a carriage …

Someone asked, why don’t railways and civil aviation increase trains and flights? In fact, during the rush hour in Spring Festival travel rush, the online rate of railway trains reached 100%, and the utilization rate of airlines’ aircraft was close to 100%.

Of course, we can ask the railway and civil aviation to continue to develop, but after all, Spring Festival travel rush is special. If we simply want to meet the needs of Spring Festival travel rush, the railway and civil aviation capacity will be greatly wasted in peacetime outside Spring Festival travel rush, which will make enterprises fall into a loss-making dilemma.

In fact, if we turn our attention back to the highway, so many private cars will exceed the carrying capacity of the highway. As a public transportation, bus can not only relieve the pressure of road congestion, but also conform to the initiative of green travel.

If the bus service can be upgraded, perhaps many people’s trip to Spring Festival travel rush will not be so embarrassed as to be stuck in the road or crowded with trains like a subway for a long time.

Third, you should also be prepared to "go and go"

Among the 9 billion people’s movements in Spring Festival travel rush this year, the proportion of tourists is not low. Some people "just leave" and set off after booking a ticket to Hainan. As a result, when they bought a return ticket at the end of the holiday, they found that there were only a few business class tickets of 10,000 yuan left.

"Go to 1000 yuan and come back 10,000 yuan" is a true portrayal of some people’s holiday travel.

However, I believe that more people have booked their return tickets before departure. For example, some friends around the reporter flew to Hainan to fly to 1000 yuan for a return trip of 2,000 yuan.

It is foreseeable that the Spring Festival holiday is hot, it is difficult to book hotels during peak hours, and it is difficult to buy air tickets and train tickets. It is best to avoid some popular destinations when traveling during holidays. Even if you want to "follow the crowd", you should make plans and preparations to avoid the embarrassment of not being able to book a hotel or buy a ticket temporarily and not going home.

"Go and leave" doesn’t mean to think about other things at the destination first, but to arrange the trip immediately after "go" and then "go".

Considering the general environment of Spring Festival travel rush this year, popular tourist destinations should be avoided as much as possible. Instead of "leaving without preparation" and then being stuck in a dilemma during the trip, it is better to rest at home and feel more happy.

Taobao was jointly claimed for 150 million. What did it sell？

　　CCTV News:In recent years, a kind of automobile exhaust filtration product called "Fire Lotus" and known as "annual inspection artifact" has been sold in large quantities on the Internet and welcomed by some car owners. After the installation of the owner, the compounds in the automobile exhaust are partially adsorbed by the chemicals on the "Fire Lotus", thus achieving the purpose of passing the exhaust gas detection. However, a few days ago, an online merchant selling "annual inspection artifacts" was filed a civil environmental public interest lawsuit by environmental protection organizations.

　　Environmental protection organizations require manufacturers and Taobao to pay 150 million yuan for ecological environment restoration.

　　On October 26th, a person in charge of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (hereinafter referred to as "Green Development Association") said that the litigation materials of "Green Development Association" against Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Sumei Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. have been accepted by the Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court.

　　The Green Hair Association filed five claims in the complaint, including "requesting to order Shenzhen Sumei Environmental Protection to stop producing illegal products such as automobile annual inspection artifacts; Request to order Taobao to stop providing third-party trading platform services to relevant sales operators; It is requested to order the two defendants to bear the ecological environment restoration cost of 151,765,000 yuan in the form of joint liability.

　　In the complaint, the Green Hair Association believes that Shenzhen Sumei Environmental Protection Company is "helping vehicles with unqualified exhaust to avoid the annual inspection of automobile exhaust by fraud, so that vehicles with excessive exhaust can get away with it and continue on the road, which is a serious violation of the law and has a very serious impact on the national air pollution prevention and control work."

△ data map: automobile exhaust pollution

△ data map: automobile exhaust pollution

　　A seller of "Fire Lotus" was once handed over to the prosecution on suspicion of illegal business operation.

　　In addition, Taobao was also sued together. The person in charge of the "Green Hair Club" explained that "Taobao, as a third-party trading platform, has not done a good job of supervision".

　　Taobao public relations told the media that it is not known about the prosecution at present and needs to verify the situation with the legal department.

　　Searching for relevant reports found that in previous cases, illegal cases of "annual inspection artifacts" such as "Fire Lotus" were transferred to the prosecution.

　　In January 2015, according to the Legal Daily, Urumqi Public Security Bureau handed over a case of using "Fire Lotus" to let vehicles with unqualified exhaust gas pass the test. Sun, the seller of "Fire Lotus", was suspected of illegal business operation.

　　"Fire Lotus" is installed in the three-way catalytic converter to improve the filtration effect for a short time.

　　Three-way catalytic converter is the most important external purification device installed in automobile exhaust system, which can transform harmful gases such as CO and HC from automobile exhaust into harmless carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen through oxidation and reduction. The "fire lotus" shaped like a steel ball is a kind of metal soft carrier installed in the three-way catalyst, which can make the automobile exhaust reach the qualified standard in a short time.

△ "Fire Lotus" is shaped like a steel ball

△ "Fire Lotus" is shaped like a steel ball

　　It is illegal for car owners to install "Fire Lotus" to avoid annual inspection.

　　Not only that, many car owners temporarily put on the "Fire Lotus" during the annual inspection, and then dismantled it after the annual inspection, which caused many cars with unqualified exhaust emissions to be on the road normally, and the impact on the prevention and control of air pollution in the country can be imagined.

△ "Fire Lotus" is more convenient to install and disassemble.

△ "Fire Lotus" is more convenient to install and disassemble.

　　Article 55 of China’s Air Pollution Prevention Law stipulates that "it is forbidden for motor vehicle owners to pass motor vehicle emission inspection by temporarily replacing motor vehicle pollution control devices and other fraudulent means. Motor vehicle maintenance units are prohibited from providing such maintenance services. It is forbidden to destroy the vehicle-mounted emission diagnosis system. "

　　From this point of view, not only the producer of "Fire Lotus" is suspected of violating the law, but also it is illegal for the repair shop to provide relevant services and the owner to install and use "Fire Lotus".

　　"Fire Lotus" pollutes the environment and damages cars.

　　Professionals pointed out that "Fire Lotus" claims to be a soft metal carrier for three-way catalysis, but the three-way catalytic converter is the standard configuration of the state for ex-factory vehicles. The brand model of the three-way catalytic converter is strictly stipulated in the environmental protection approval of vehicles by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and other forms of three-way catalysis are not recognized.

Although "Fire Lotus" can let the vehicle pass the exhaust gas detection in a short time, it is easy to raise the engine temperature, resulting in poor exhaust, which will cause damage to the overall engine of the vehicle. Over time, the power of the car will be weakened, and it is more likely to cause flameout when idling. It can be said that the loss of "Fire Lotus" to car owners far exceeds its own price. Taking this illegal means to pass the annual inspection will cause air pollution that will harm everyone's interests, and CCTV News will continue to pay attention to the progress of the case.

　　Although "Fire Lotus" can let the vehicle pass the exhaust gas detection in a short time, it is easy to raise the engine temperature, resulting in poor exhaust, which will cause damage to the overall engine of the vehicle. Over time, the power of the car will be weakened, and it is more likely to cause flameout when idling. It can be said that the loss of "Fire Lotus" to car owners far exceeds its own price. Taking this illegal means to pass the annual inspection will cause air pollution that will harm everyone’s interests, and CCTV News will continue to pay attention to the progress of the case.

　　(This article Source: China Youth Network Legal Daily)

Pay attention to the security of QR code payment： how to protect the wallet after sweeping it？

　　Nowadays, QR code payment is widely used in offline micropayment scenarios such as restaurants, supermarkets and convenience stores. However, there are still hidden risks in the bar code generation mechanism and transmission process, which also leads to the risk cases of payment security, and unfair competition exists in the business promotion process of market institutions (see the report "Sweep, why is the wallet" on May 11, this edition). What measures should relevant departments and payment institutions take to ensure the safety of users’ payment? How to further improve the user experience of QR code payment?

　　Competent department:

　　Formulate technical standards and standardize business development

　　The 2017 China Third Party Mobile Payment Industry Research Report pointed out that the offline scanning code payment industry has entered an accelerated development period. On the one hand, offline scanning code payment is simple and fast, which brings users a convenient consumption experience; On the other hand, merchants who access offline scanning code payment also enjoy the increase in revenue brought by digital marketing and operation.

　　In promoting the development of industry norms, the People’s Bank of China positioned QR code payment as a small, convenient and effective supplement to bank card payment, and adopted a series of measures to standardize the development of QR code payment business. It includes the establishment of a regulatory idea that whether commercial banks or payment institutions, using bank accounts or payment accounts to carry out QR code payment, should verify the security level according to the transaction, and carry out risk control and security management through the transaction quota.

　　In recent years, with the wide application of payment marking and other technologies in mobile payment, the security standard of QR code payment has been objectively improved. The People’s Bank of China guides relevant market players to actively improve their technical level, formulate relevant technical standards, and standardize the development of QR code payment services.

　　The barcode payment business specification previously issued by the central bank has been implemented since April 1, 2018. In view of the technical risks of barcode payment, this specification puts forward a series of targeted requirements. For example, strengthen the security protection of bar codes, take measures such as payment marking, validity control and bar code anti-counterfeiting identification, improve the security protection ability of bar codes in the aspects of generation, storage, display, reading, analysis and use, and effectively guarantee the reliability and effectiveness of bar codes.

　　Because static bar codes are easy to be tampered with or altered, and it is easy to carry Trojans or viruses, the central bank stipulates that if static bar codes are used for payment, no matter what transaction verification method is used, the cumulative transaction amount of the same customer bank or payment institution in a single day should not exceed 500 yuan. The new payment regulations also require that the payment institution must have a license: "To carry out bar code payment business, the payment institution should obtain the corresponding business license according to the regulations and conduct business according to the corresponding management measures."

　　Jing Linbo, director of China Social Science Evaluation Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that QR code payment still faces some problems if it wants to develop healthily. For example, QR code, a common QR code, became a national standard in 2000. A few years ago, the state issued relevant policies on QR codes, but a comprehensive standard for QR codes has not yet been issued. "In addition to formulating the business norms of QR code payment, the state should strengthen the top-level design of QR code payment, formulate comprehensive industry standards, and widely promote and use our national standards nationwide." Jing Linbo said.

　　Payment institution:

　　Strengthen security and improve payment experience.

　　As the first commercial bank to launch QR code payment products, the relevant person in charge of ICBC introduced that ICBC QR code payment has all the functions of the mainstream code scanning products in the current market, and uses the internationally leading token technology to mutate the card number to hide the real card number information and ensure the security of account funds. At the same time, through a series of security control measures such as 7×24-hour uninterrupted real-time risk monitoring, transaction limit control, large transaction verification, and 60-second mandatory update of QR code, it provides bank-level protection for customer funds and information security, and effectively improves the payment experience of users. At present, ICBC QR code payment has achieved comprehensive aggregation acceptance function, with security, compatibility and convenience, and has attracted more than 1 billion potential individual users for 5.6 million ICBC e-payment merchants, making it the largest aggregation payment platform in China.

　　China UnionPay and more than 40 commercial banks launched UnionPay China Unionpay Quick Pass QR code products. The insiders believe that this is an active exploration and innovation of large state-owned commercial banks in QR code payment, and it is a useful attempt to provide users with efficient, convenient and safe mobile payment transactions.

　　As a third-party payment platform, Alipay has also adopted a number of technical means to reduce transaction risks in "sweeping" payment. Shang Shanhu, a security expert of Alipay, said that in order to prevent information security risks and avoid being parsed out of user account or transaction order information due to the spread of QR codes, Alipay first encrypts the information that needs to be transmitted through QR codes into character strings by an encryption algorithm, and then compiles the character strings to form a QR code. Therefore, even if the QR code is acquired and scanned by others, it can only parse the encrypted character string, but can not further parse any relevant information of the user. Barcodes formed by merchants’ cashiers and by Alipay APP are time-sensitive. After expiration, new barcodes will be formed, while previously generated barcodes will be invalid, thus preventing information and financial risks caused by barcode copying and dissemination.

　　Alipay also launched the "You dare to accept, I dare to pay" protection plan: if the merchant’s money collection code is maliciously replaced or switched, its lost funds will also be paid through the insurance company.

　　User public:

　　Raise awareness of prevention, don’t just scan the code.

　　If you want to make "sweeping" safer, you can’t do without the efforts of regulatory authorities and market institutions. You also need users to raise their awareness of prevention and strengthen self-protection.

　　Industry experts reminded that users should have a sense of prevention and be vigilant, and don’t easily believe in brand promotion activities such as free code scanning and gifts in the market. There may be huge security risks hidden behind the "sweeping" behavior, such as the disclosure of personal information, and there may also be some illegal acts. In particular, don’t easily provide personal name, ID card, bank card, telephone number, mailing address and other information. Even a credible QR code application may be maliciously used by some hackers and criminals to become malicious QR codes, so we should always be vigilant.

　　Shang Shanhu suggested that with the popularity of two-dimensional codes, users should master some relevant knowledge and common cases of two-dimensional codes to raise their awareness of safety precautions. At the same time, we should develop good habits of using mobile phones, including downloading tools and software in official website, not scanning the code, and installing anti-virus software in mobile phones.

One confirmed case and four asymptomatic infected people were added in Shannan City, Tibet. Details are announced.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the "Weishan South Official" WeChat WeChat official account news, the office of the Leading Group for Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic in Shannan City issued an announcement. On August 8, 2022, Shannan City found two people who were initially screened for Covid-19 nucleic acid detection in the nucleic acid detection and screening of key personnel; On August 9th, three people who were initially screened for nucleic acid detection in Covid-19 were found in the nucleic acid detection screening of people who entered Shannan City in the risk area.

　　Details are as follows:

　　Asymptomatic case 1, a 51-year-old female from Naidong District, Shannan City, Tibet, arrived in Shannan from Shigatse by chartered bus on August 6.

　　Confirmed case 2 [case 1 secret contact person], male, 55 years old, from Naidong District, Shannan City, Tibet, is husband and wife with case 1.

　　Asymptomatic case 3, a 24-year-old female from Naidong District, Shannan City, Tibet, left Shannan for Linzhi by train C881 on August 5 and arrived in Shannan by train Z8902 on August 8.

　　Asymptomatic case 4, a 47-year-old female from Naidong District, Shannan City, Tibet, left Shannan for Linzhi by train C881 on August 5, and arrived in Shannan by train Z8902 on August 8. She is the mother of case 3.

　　Asymptomatic case 5, a 23-year-old male from Naidong District, Shannan City, Tibet, left Shannan for Linzhi by train C881 on August 5, and arrived in Shannan by train Z8902 on August 8, which is husband and wife relationship with case 3.

　　At present, four asymptomatic infected people in Shannan City have been transferred to Lhasa Fangcang Hospital for isolation observation in a closed loop, and one confirmed case has been treated in a designated hospital, and isolation control has been implemented for relevant close contact and sub-close contact personnel.

　　The proposed risk areas in Zedang City, Shannan City are as follows

　　2 high-risk areas:

　　Ge Sang Yuan Community, Zedang Town, Naidong District, Shannan City

　　Self-built building area of Group 1, Jiesha Neighborhood Committee, south of National Highway G349, Naidong District, Shannan City

　　1 medium risk area:

　　Shops along the east side of Yalong River from Jiaoyu Bridge in Zedang Town, Naidong District, Shannan City to Ge Sang Bridge

　　Low risk area:

　　Other areas outside the middle and high risk areas are low risk areas. The above measures will be implemented from August 11, 2022, and will be adjusted in time according to the changes in the epidemic prevention and control situation.

Notice of China National Intellectual Property Administration Municipality on Further Strictly Regulating the Behavior of Patent Application

Guo Zhi Fa Bao Zi [2021] No.1

Intellectual Property Offices of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Sichuan Intellectual Property Service Promotion Center and Guangdong Intellectual Property Protection Center; All departments of the Bureau, all departments of the Patent Office, all units directly under the Bureau and all social organizations:

In order to thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and effectively promote China’s transformation from a big country to a big country, and from pursuing quantity to improving quality, in recent years, the whole system has carried out in-depth patent quality improvement projects, and local intellectual property departments at all levels have strengthened the regulation of patent application-related support policies and severely cracked down on abnormal patent application-related behaviors, which has played an important role in encouraging and protecting innovation and promoting high-quality development of intellectual property rights. However, at present, there are still some places that do not pay enough attention to the requirements of high-quality patent development, fail to implement them effectively, and blindly pursue quantitative indicators. Abnormal patent application behavior that does not aim at protecting innovation still exists, which seriously disrupts the administrative order, harms public interests, hinders enterprise innovation, wastes public resources and destroys the patent system. In order to strictly implement the requirements of high-quality development, further standardize the patent application behavior, improve the quality of patent application, and eliminate the abnormal patent application behavior not aimed at protecting innovation, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

First, clear work objectives

Efforts will be made to guide the number and quality of patent applications to adapt to the level of regional economic development, industrial development needs and scientific and technological innovation capabilities, scientifically set various work indicators, strengthen quality guidance, and effectively play the leading role of high-quality development indicators. Further adjust and improve policies such as funding and incentives, completely cancel funding for patent applications, and focus on increasing support for subsequent transformation and application, administrative protection and public services. Clean up and standardize the order of patent applications, resolutely crack down on and effectively curb abnormal patent applications that do not aim at protecting innovation, and promote the high-quality development of intellectual property rights.

Second, grasp the key points of work

The implementation of the following abnormal patent applications (hereinafter referred to as such applications) for the purpose of protecting innovation shall be severely cracked down and dealt with in accordance with relevant laws, regulations and policies.

(1) Six situations stipulated in Article 3 of Several Provisions on Regulating the Behavior of Patent Application (Decree No.75 of China National Intellectual Property Administration);

(2) Units or individuals intentionally submit related patent applications in a decentralized manner;

(3) The entity or individual submits a patent application that is obviously inconsistent with its R&D capability;

(four) the unit or individual abnormal reselling patent applications;

(5) The patent application submitted by a unit or individual has obvious behaviors that do not conform to the common sense of technical improvement, such as technical scheme to realize simple functions with complex structure, combination or stacking with conventional or simple features;

(six) other acts that violate the principle of good faith stipulated in the Civil Code, do not conform to the relevant provisions of the Patent Law, and disturb the order of patent application management.

The above "units and individuals" include the same natural person, legal person, other organizations and the same actual controller.

Third, strengthen work measures

For this kind of application, in addition to strictly handling the submitted patent application according to the provisions of the Patent Law and its detailed rules for implementation, the following measures should be taken according to the circumstances:

(1) The patent fee shall not be reduced for the applicant. If it has been reduced, it is required to pay back the reduced fees. If the circumstances are serious, the patent fee shall not be reduced within five years from this year.

(two) in the China National Intellectual Property Administration municipal government website and "China Intellectual Property News" to be informed.

(3) Deduct the number of such applications from the statistics of the number of patent applications.

(four) cancel the declaration of national intellectual property demonstration and advantage enterprises, intellectual property protection center for the record enterprise qualifications, and China patent award declaration, participating or winning qualifications.

(five) the local intellectual property departments at all levels shall not subsidize or reward the applicant and the relevant agencies. Those that have been funded or rewarded shall be repaid in whole or in part. If the circumstances are serious, it will not be funded or rewarded within five years from this year. Those involved in defrauding financial aid awards are suspected of constituting a crime, and shall be transferred to relevant authorities for criminal responsibility according to law.

(6) Local intellectual property departments at all levels shall intensify investigation and handling of patent agencies that represent such applications and seriously disrupt the order of patent work according to the identification. The All-China Association of Patent Agents takes industry self-discipline measures against patent agencies and patent agents engaged in and involved in such applications.

Fourth, strengthen collaborative governance

(A) improve the scientific assessment indicators. Local intellectual property departments at all levels should firmly establish the concept of high-quality development, actively coordinate with relevant departments to further improve and perfect the evaluation index system related to patent work, improve the scientificity and effectiveness of the evaluation, check and eliminate the growth rate evaluation indicators that are not in line with reality, and avoid taking the number of patent applications as the main basis for the evaluation of departmental work. It is not allowed to set binding assessment and evaluation indicators for the patent application amount, and it is not allowed to apportion the patent application amount indicators to localities, enterprises and agencies by administrative orders or administrative guidance. It is not allowed to compare the number of patent applications (including patent applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)). Once the above behaviors are discovered, the qualification for applying for national intellectual property operation projects, the title of demonstration city awarded by China National Intellectual Property Administration and other preferential policies will be cancelled as appropriate.

(2) Adjusting the patent subsidy policy. Before the end of June 2021, all levels of patent application funding should be completely cancelled. All localities shall not give financial support to patent application in any form, such as funding, incentives and subsidies. The scope of existing local funding should be limited to authorized invention patents (including invention patents authorized overseas through PCT and other means), and the funding method should be in the form of post-authorization subsidies. The total amount of all kinds of subsidies received by the aided object shall not be higher than 50% of the official fees paid for obtaining the patent right, and shall not subsidize the annual patent fee and intermediary service fees such as patent agency. For those who resort to deceit to obtain patent grants, the allocated funds shall be recovered within a time limit. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, all localities should gradually reduce all kinds of financial support for patent authorization and cancel it all before 2025. All localities should focus on optimizing the use and management of financial funds related to patent funding, strengthening the use of patent protection, and focusing on increasing support for subsequent transformation and use, administrative protection and public services.

(3) Highlight the quality orientation of patent applications. China National Intellectual Property Administration regularly reports or publishes local high-quality patent applications and data on the proportion of such applications. If the proportion of such applications increases for two consecutive quarters and the proportion of high-quality patent applications decreases for two consecutive quarters, the local intellectual property department shall be notified. If the above phenomenon occurs for three consecutive quarters, it shall be notified to the local Party committee and government, and the relevant information shall be published on the website of China National Intellectual Property Administration Municipal Government and China Intellectual Property News. If the above phenomenon occurs for one year in a row, all kinds of titles and preferential policies such as demonstration cities awarded by China National Intellectual Property Administration will be cancelled. All kinds of awards involving patents shall not simply take the number of patent applications and authorizations as the main conditions.

(4) Strengthening credit supervision in the field of patent application. Revise the detailed rules for the implementation of the Patent Law, and promote the inclusion of this kind of application as an act of dishonesty in intellectual property credit supervision according to law. Intellectual property departments at all levels should focus on bringing such applications into the scope of supervision when formulating policy documents on intellectual property credit supervision. Strengthen the collaborative governance of serious illegal and untrustworthy agencies. For patent agencies that have been punished for representing such applications, they will be linked and restrained in terms of relevant incentive and reward policies and industry evaluation awards, so as to strengthen the supervision effect.

(five) to strengthen the standardization and supervision of patent transactions. Local intellectual property departments at all levels should implement the responsibility of territorial supervision to regulate intellectual property transactions, resolutely curb patent application rights and patent transfer activities that are obviously not aimed at technological innovation and implementation, strengthen supervision and guidance on intellectual property (patent) trading operation platforms and institutions supported by government departments at all levels, strengthen guidance on various patent trading service institutions and platforms in their jurisdictions, do a good job in reviewing the background of trading targets and traders, and prevent such applications from making profits and washing white through transactions. China National Intellectual Property Administration will strengthen the monitoring of patent transfer, licensing and other registration data, and deal with abnormal patent operation in a timely manner in conjunction with relevant places.

(6) Strengthen inter-departmental information reporting. For detailed information about such applications, local intellectual property departments at all levels should consult relevant departments, take the initiative to inform the administrative departments of science and technology in a timely manner, support and assist the administrative departments of science and technology to strengthen the administrative management of patent applications, and ensure that such applications are not used to defraud high-tech enterprises and other national preferential policies. For the "three noes" shell companies that have no insured, paid-in capital and R&D funds to apply for patents, it is necessary to timely transfer the relevant information to the local market supervision department for strict supervision.

V. Improve the working mechanism

(1) Work docking mechanism. China National Intellectual Property Administration continuously monitors and identifies this kind of application behavior, and timely informs and forwards relevant information about this kind of application behavior to the local authorities. The local intellectual property department strengthens administrative guidance and requires the units and individuals involved and the agency to voluntarily withdraw the relevant application. Those who voluntarily withdraw may be given a lighter punishment as appropriate. If the units and individuals involved and the agencies refuse to withdraw their complaints and provide sufficient evidence, the local intellectual property department will handle them according to the circumstances, and transfer the relevant clues to the market supervision department, the public security department and the credit supervision department according to law.

(2) Information screening mechanism. Patent examination departments and units should strictly examine and reject such applications according to law, and timely discover, summarize and submit relevant clue information. Patent agencies, intellectual property protection centers and intellectual property rights protection centers strictly screen such applications, and submit relevant clues to China National Intellectual Property Administration in time.

(3) Reporting and verification mechanism. Units and individuals are encouraged to report this kind of application behavior, illegal index setting and application funding policy to local intellectual property departments at all levels. Local intellectual property departments at all levels should set up special lines and networks to receive reports. After receiving the report, it should be checked and handled in time and reported to China National Intellectual Property Administration.

(4) Positive guidance mechanism. Actively carry out various forms of publicity and reports to improve the quality of patent applications, strengthen incentives for enterprises and individuals who actively invest in innovation and scientific and rational layout of patents, further enhance the strategic layout awareness and quality awareness of patent applications in the whole society, and effectively improve the quality of patent applications.

Sixth, promote the implementation of the work

(a) to carry out special governance. Throughout 2021, we will focus on special rectification to crack down on such applications. Severely crack down on related behaviors that have found clues. Strive to further standardize the order of patent applications by the end of 2021, such applications will be significantly reduced, and the proportion of high-quality patent applications will continue to increase. China National Intellectual Property Administration will deploy and carry out special treatment from time to time according to the work effect and relevant conditions.

(2) Strengthen self-examination and self-correction. Local intellectual property departments at all levels should focus on work objectives and priorities, carry out in-depth self-examination, comprehensively sort out index setting and funding policies, find out existing deficiencies and outstanding problems, put forward rectification measures, formulate work plans and policies and measures, submit the results of self-examination to China National Intellectual Property Administration on time, and timely submit major clues and key cases.

(3) Strengthen organizational leadership. China National Intellectual Property Administration will provide follow-up guidance and case supervision on the revision of local policies and the handling of cases. Local intellectual property departments at all levels should attach great importance to the significance of cracking down on this kind of application, make a special report to the local people’s government, with the main person in charge responsible, establish a leadership and coordination mechanism, comprehensively judge the local patent application situation, clarify the key objectives and key links, formulate a special work plan, clarify the specific responsible person and contact person, set up a special class, and carry out relevant work in depth and continuously.

I hereby inform you.

China National Intellectual Property Administration

January 27, 2021

Folding screen mobile phones are available. When will Windows 10 dual-screen notebooks break out？

　 　 　 　 [Daily Science and Technology Network]

Folding screen mobile phones are available. When will Windows 10 dual-screen notebooks break out?

　　From the beginning, it was rumored that the folding flexible screen mobile phone would be launched. By February this year, Samsung Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X folding screen mobile phones were born one after another, and the industry completed the leap from 0 to 1 in one fell swoop. From everyone’s heated discussion about whether the folding screen forms of Samsung Fold and Huawei Mate X are folded inside or outside, or whether the price of 2,000 US dollars or 2,299 euros is high, it means that although the folding screen mobile phone has appeared, whether it can be used on a large scale still needs to be marked with a question mark. Aside from smartphones, the concept of Windows 10 dual-screen notebook was actually released earlier, so where is the previously announced Windows 10 dual-screen notebook device? What problems will you encounter? IT is worth discussing with the netizens of IT House.

　　The concept of dual-screen notebook was born.

　　One of the most important stimulating factors in the birth of dual-screen and foldable screen of smart phones is the display of large-screen content. As for dual-screen notebook, the area of single screen is actually large enough, so the author recognizes that dual-screen notebook is a new form of tablet computer, which expands from single screen to dual screen, thus greatly improving productivity.

　　Speaking of "tablet computer", it is reported that this concept was first put forward by Microsoft at the computer distributor exhibition conference held in Las Vegas in autumn 2001. But the real prototype of the equipment was the later Microsoft Courier, and it was like a brochure from the beginning.

　　Microsoft Courier is the code name of Booklet PC rumored by Microsoft. It was reported in 2008 and the project was cancelled in 2010. The device will include dual touch screens facing each other in the shape of a booklet, and input will be made using a stylus and finger touch. Microsoft has previously said that it is indeed incubating and developing the device, but it will not release the device. The device will hinge like a book, and when the book is closed, the seven-inch screen will fold in half. It also includes a 3-megapixel camera that supports 4x zoom. The report shows that the system is mainly developed outside the normal development channels, and only a few major engineers know the existence of the project. This project is considered as the successor of Codex and InkSeine, which are two early research works of Microsoft.

　　Microsoft previously classified the project as an "incubation" project, which is further than the "research" project, but has not yet entered the commercial channel. In October 2017, several media reported that Microsoft was developing a new foldable screen device, code-named "Andromeda", which was based on the concept of Courier.

　　However, since then, with the birth of Apple iPad, the concept of tablet computer has been carried forward. Microsoft’s Surface tablet computer pioneered the Windows 2-in-1 tablet computer, and finally gained a firm foothold after ups and downs.

　　The concept of dual-screen notebook can be simply regarded as a tablet computer device with two touchable screens connected by hinges. So far, OEMs including Microsoft, Lenovo, Asus and Dell have put forward the concept of dual-screen notebook, but there is not much difference in concept.

　　So far, several Windows 10 dual-screen notebook devices have appeared, bringing new application scenarios.

　　Lenovo YOGA Book 2 notebook: electronic ink screen

　　IT House reported that at Lenovo Innovation Conference 2018, Lenovo released YOGA Book 2, a Windows 10 dual-screen notebook. The highlight of this product is that both the B side and the C side of the notebook are screens, and the physical keyboard is replaced by an electronic ink screen.

　　Lenovo YOGA Book 2 has a 10.8-inch LCD screen on the B side, with a resolution of 2560*1600, a screen pixels per inch of 281ppi and a brightness of 400nit, which supports touch.

　　In the application of dual-screen scenes, like the previous generation, the C-plane of YOGA Book 2 is also a screen. The E-Ink keyboard and electronic ink screen replace the traditional physical keyboard, which can be used for vibration and sound reminder when typing. Through dynamic key image, simulated key effect and vibration feedback; Simulate the typing feeling of physical keyboard through auditory, visual and tactile feedback.

　　The electronic ink screen on the C side is 10.8 inches, and that of pixels per inch is 204ppi. In terms of the use and writing experience of C-plane electronic ink screen, Windows Ink can achieve excellent cooperation effect with E-Ink hand-drawn board. The original handwriting is recorded, and electronic recognition is supported at the same time. It has 4096-level pressure-sensitive pen touch recognition and supports intelligent optimization of graphics functions.

　　Users can not only write on any screen, but Lenovo said that the electronic ink screen can also be used as a PDF reader, which can save battery power. When not used as a display, the electronic ink screen doubles as a keyboard, and Lenovo also adds a slight equidistant gradient to simulate the appearance of three-dimensional keys. You can even turn the virtual trackpad on and off for extra space.

　　On Lenovo YOGA Book 2, we have seen the scene application of the secondary screen electronic ink screen. One of the important scenes is to simulate the physical keyboard for typing, but in all fairness, the experience of typing on the touch screen is still not as good as that of the physical mechanical keyboard, but so far, Lenovo YOGA Book 2 is the most perfect dual-screen notebook device, and it has been put on sale.

　　Intel Tiger Rapids prototype

　　At the Taipei Computer Show in June 2018, Intel displayed a series of concept prototype products Tiger Rapids dual-screen notebooks. According to reports, the left side of Tiger Rapids is equipped with a 7.9-inch LCD display with a resolution of 1080P; On the right is the electronic paper display screen (EPD), which can be used for writing. There is a hinge between the two screens, which allows the device to fold like a notebook.

　　IT House reported that Intel’s prototype device further demonstrated the application scenario of dual-screen notebook, which can not only display content independently, but also perform collaborative operation. The left side of Tiger Rapids is equipped with a 7.9-inch LCD screen with 1080P resolution; On the right is the electronic paper display screen (EPD), which can be used for writing. There is a hinge between the two screens, which allows the device to fold like a notebook.

　　However, Intel’s dual-screen notebook device may not eventually go to the market, and it is still in the exploration stage.

　　Asus PROJECT PRECOG concept machine

　　IT House reported that at the Taipei Computer Show in June, 2012, ASUS introduced a new concept of Windows 8 "Tai Chi Ben", which is a hybrid deformation device of notebook computer and tablet computer. It adopts dual-screen design, opens the cover to enter notebook mode, and covers the cover to be the tablet computer. In recent years, Nubian X and vivo NEX dual-screen versions just launched adopt similar concepts and apply them to smart phone devices.

　　At the Taipei Computer Show in June, 2018, Asustek released a displayable PROJECT PRECOG dual-screen notebook concept machine, which can be reversed and has a sense of the future. At the same time, the official said that under the blessing of AI, the efficiency of processing Excel and other software will be greatly improved.

　　Due to the dual-screen design, the keyboard must also be replaced by a touch-sensitive virtual keyboard, which is officially called Intelligent Touch. As can be seen in the figure, the keyboard adopts a punk-style circular design with an oversized virtual touchpad below.

　　PROJECT PRECOG dual-screen notebook is equipped with reading mode, which can simulate the book turning effect of physical books by placing the notebook on its side. In addition, it supports dual-screen tiling, which realizes the effect that the dual-screen can be reversed by 180 degrees.

　　Microsoft Surface Andromeda Concept Device

　　Microsoft’s Surface Andromeda device is still in rumors and concepts. Now we can learn more about the characteristics of Surface Andromeda dual-screen device through related patents.

　　According to the breaking news compiled by IT House before, one of the dual-screen devices of Surface Andromeda is a pocket device, but we will not discuss it here for the time being. In fact, Surface Andromeda is more suitable for dual-screen devices of ordinary notebook size.

　　According to Microsoft’s dual-screen patents in recent years, Microsoft’s Surface dual-screen devices also support hinge connection. You don’t have to worry about Microsoft’s hinge technology. This advantage is reflected in Surface Book and Surface Studio.

　　This patent shows a device with an obvious hinge with a first part and a second part, which include a flexible display screen that can be bent to form new elements.

　　In addition, Microsoft’s new patent will also solve the problem of the size of the border of dual-screen equipment. If the gap between the borders between the two screens is too large, the display effect will be greatly reduced. Therefore, when the screen can be tiled into 180 degrees, the smaller the gap between the two screens, the better the display effect will be. This is not limited to the use of flexible display screens, especially for the use of two independent display screens.

　　In the imaging system, Microsoft obviously has its own plans for dual-screen folding devices. Microsoft previously applied for the patent of "three-way video call on hinged multi-screen devices".

　　The patented mobile computing device is equipped with a processor, an accelerometer and two display screens. Interestingly, both displays are equipped with cameras. So configured, the device will "make the first and second display devices display the image data captured by the second camera and the image data received from the remote computer device at the same time".

　　From the above, we can also see that even in the hardware design, dual-screen notebook equipment is not simply connecting two screens. Dual-screen notebook is not a simple 1+1=2, but it should be innovative and breakthrough, and strive to create the effect of 1+1 > 2, but it cannot be too complicated.

　　Why do people buy dual-screen notebooks?

　　If you want users to buy a product, then it will involve demand, and with demand, people will have the motivation to buy. Is there any demand for foldable screen equipment worth buying at present? The author believes that the first thing is the increase of screen area, and the other is the innovation of software system.

　　In the previously released Samsung Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X, the hardware is full of innovation, showing the complete hardware form of foldable screen. But in software, Android system does not bring revolutionary changes, but simply enlarges and shrinks the screen, just like the conversion between smart phones and tablets, but in fact, dual-screen devices should not be limited to the display area.

　　For dual-screen notebooks, although the Windows 10 system has been customized for some OEMs, many Shell at the bottom and top of the system need more changes and thinking from Microsoft, a system software vendor. How to adapt to dual-screen or foldable screens through the reform of Windows 10?

　　Recently, after Andromeda, Microsoft was exposed to be building a lightweight Windows 10 system, or Windows Lite, code-named "Santorini". Windows Lite aims to run Progressive Web Apps(PWA) and Windows 10 App Store applications.

　　The report also revealed that Microsoft’s new platform is adapting to two new designs-Centaurus and Pegasus. As previously rumored, Centaurus is a dual-screen device, and Pegasus is suitable for two-in-one and notebook computers that we are all familiar with.

　　In addition, the Windows 10 Lite system is also adapted for dual-screen and folding-screen devices, and also supports the operation of Windows 10 ARM environment. It can be said that Windows 10 Lite represents Microsoft’s ambition and prospect for lightweight operating system.

　　Microsoft has publicly stated that the Windows team is divided into Windows Core OS and Shell parts. Based on Windows Core OS, different Shells are installed on different devices. Microsoft has begun to try new shell interfaces on HoloLens 2 and Surface Hub 2X. So not surprisingly, we will also see a brand-new Shell interface on the new Windows 10 dual-screen device, and Windows 10 Lite will be one of them.

　　IT House reported that in terms of dual-screen devices, Microsoft has introduced API in the form of UWP TwoPaneView, allowing developers to create views of their UWP applications, which can be placed side by side or stacked.

　　Other new APIs allow developers to determine the state of hinges, whether they are flat, convex and notebook-like, concave and tent, and make UWP applications respond appropriately.

　　In addition, on the dual-screen notebook device, it can also be applied to the functions such as the screen-turning and rotating display of the App application. When the dual-screen device flips the screen, the application display can be adjusted between several screens, and the natural full-screen display state can be guaranteed.

　　The display status of the application on the dual-screen notebook needs to be adjusted at any time according to the different flipping situations of the screen, which is the advantage of the dual-screen notebook and the complexity of the design. It is necessary to ensure the integration of software and hardware between the Windows 10 system itself and the sensors of the dual-screen device.

　　In terms of key input, Microsoft also applied for a new patent, explaining how to improve the virtual keyboard typing experience, including the current smartphone screen.

　　Embodiments relate to controlling symbols output by a virtual keyboard using a touch input pressure feature pointing to the virtual keyboard. Specifically, when interacting with the virtual keyboard, physical touch pressure directed at the displayed virtual keyboard is sensed and included in a corresponding touch input provided to the virtual keyboard. In the process of determining what symbols the virtual keyboard outputs, the virtual keyboard will consider the pressure characteristics of touch input. The touch input pressure characteristic pointing to the virtual keyboard can control which symbol is output by activating the touch input virtual key. Pressure can also or alternatively trigger the output symbol to change words or symbols (e.g., capitalization, selecting diacritical marks, applying visual effects) instead of key activation.

　　However, the author believes that the current pressure characteristics of touch screen input can’t catch up with the physical mechanical keyboard, and the accuracy and rapidity of input may be enhanced through the identification of virtual vibration and other signs. In addition, due to the addition of the touch screen, the application scenarios of the Surface Pen stylus will be greatly enhanced, and dual screens will bring more possibilities.

　　However, at present, because there are not many dual-screen notebook devices, and the Shell interface of Microsoft Windows 10 system is not ready, the most widely used application of dual-screen is to expand another screen, which is already a icing on the cake in Windows 10 system. Dual-screen or multi-screen separation devices that usually only appear in fixed locations such as offices can also appear on mobile devices such as dual-screen notebooks, which has to be said to be the improvement of productivity configuration.

　　Summary: Dual-screen notebook is good, but there is still a long way to go.

　　Generally speaking, the author believes that although the dual-screen notebook is no longer a conceptual product, it has not yet entered our daily life on a large scale. Besides the inertia thinking such as the discomfort of typing on the big screen, there are also doubts about the demand for dual-screen equipment experience. The C-touch screen of the dual-screen notebook must first meet the good typing experience and touch experience, and more C-screen operation scenarios need to be expanded on this basis.

　　In addition, the price of Windows 10 dual-screen notebook is at least much more expensive than that of the single-screen version. At present, the software and application of Windows 10 system have not fully liberated the second-screen experience, and consumers may only pay more for displaying more screen content, but it has not brought about a complete innovation in interaction, and their psychological expectations may be greatly reduced, reducing users’ expectations and satisfaction with dual-screen notebook devices.

　　If it is the right time to launch a dual-screen notebook, first of all, the keyboard input of C screen needs to pass. In addition, the Windows 10 system brings about changes, adapts to the dual-screen scene, and brings more intelligent switching experience exploration.

Duty-free shopping and night market bring prosperity to Hainan’s National Day tourism consumption.

　　China News Service, Haikou, October 4 (Reporter Hong Jianpeng) More than half of the National Day holiday, the number of tourist receptions in Hainan Province is rising day by day, slightly higher than the same period last year. The reporter visited and learned that in addition to traditional tourist attractions (spots), night markets and duty-free shops have boosted tourism consumption in Hainan, and the sales of duty-free goods in the province have increased by 50%.

　　According to the data provided by Hainan Provincial Department of Tourism, Culture, Radio, Film and Sports, from October 1 to 3, Hainan received 2.298 million tourists. Haikou, Sanya and Boao duty-free shops received more than 80,000 tourists, with sales of 136.6 million yuan (RMB, the same below), up more than 50% year-on-year.

　　In three days, the daily average number of visitors to Sanya Duty Free Shop exceeded 20,000, and the shopping enthusiasm of tourists continued to rise.

　　"There are too many people!" This is the first impression of Miss Chen, a tourist from Guangxi, who walked into Sanya Duty Free Shop on the 1st. Duty-free cosmetics are much cheaper than counters, and there are plenty of promotional activities, which make people unable to control their desire to buy.

　　Xie Zhiyong, executive deputy general manager of Sanya Duty Free Shop Co., Ltd., China National Exemption Group, said that after the opening of Sanya Duty Free Shop, the opening and operation of surrounding hotels and the occupancy rate increased, and the regional development played an obvious role, making it a big taxpayer in Sanya.

　　Xie Zhiyong said that since Hainan launched the tax-free pilot project for outlying islands in 2011, duty-free shopping has become one of the elements for tourists to travel to Qiong, and Sanya Duty Free Shop has become a must-see spot for tourists. In the future, Sanya Duty Free Shop will fully implement Hainan’s strategic goal of accelerating the construction of Hainan International Tourism Consumption Center, and strengthen and expand duty-free shopping on outlying islands.

　　With Hainan actively building night economic blocks, night market has gradually become one of the new economic growth points of Hainan’s tourism consumption.

　　Xiuying district, Haikou City, held the National Day Food Eating Festival for three consecutive days, attracting many citizens and tourists to participate in the interaction of American food tasting and prize-winning questions and answers. "Our night market not only has food, but also Hainan specialty stores, KTV, cinemas and other entertainment places, which can meet the needs of tourism ‘ Eat, live, travel and buy entertainment ’ ‘ among the six elements; Eat, buy and entertain ’ 。” Tan Kaiyue, the person in charge of the taste-seeking Limei vulgar night market, said.

　　He told reporters that due to the National Day holiday, the night market received more tourists than usual. From September 30 to October 3, the average daily traffic of the night market exceeded 8,000, and the average daily turnover reached 600,000 yuan.

　　According to the preliminary statistics of Haikou Night Market Development Federation, from September 30th to October 3rd, the turnover of 10 major night markets in Haikou reached 11.1867 million yuan.

　　Zhan Xiali, secretary-general of Haikou Night Market Development Federation, said that with the Hainan International Tourism Consumption Year launched during the National Day, Haikou Night Market Development Federation will promote the quality of night markets, strengthen the construction of "soft power" such as cultural and performing arts activities, and create "night markets are night scenes".

　　It is understood that during the National Day holiday, Qiongju performance was staged in Haikou Qilou Old Street, the agricultural fun experience was launched in Sanya Rice National Park, and the "Chili Festival" &hellip was held in Sanya Ancient Love Scenic Area; … Other major traditional scenic spots have also "cooked" a rich cultural tourism "feast" for tourists.

Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on Ratifying the Marrakesh Treaty on Facilitating Access to Published Works for the Blind, Visually Impaired or Other Printed Materials Disabled.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23rd

Decision of the NPC Standing Committee on Ratifying the Marrakesh Treaty on Facilitating Access to Published Works for the Blind, Visually Impaired or Other Printed Materials Disabled.
(Adopted at the 31st session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee on October 23rd, 2021)

The 31st session of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee decided to ratify the Marrakesh Treaty on Facilitating Access to Published Works for the Blind, Visually Impaired or Other Printed Materials (hereinafter referred to as the Marrakesh Treaty) signed by the representative of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Marrakech on June 28th, 2013, and stated:

1. The Marrakesh Treaty is applicable to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region, and according to the fourth paragraph of Article 4 of the Treaty, the copyright exception stipulated in this Article is limited to works that cannot be obtained in a specific barrier-free format from commercial channels on reasonable terms.

2. The Marrakesh Treaty shall not apply to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region until further notice by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government.